不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮对犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系多样性的影响  

Effects of Diets with Different NFC/NDF Levels on the Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community in Male Calves

作　　者：李岚捷 成述儒[2] 刁其玉[1] 付彤[3] 毕研亮[1] 王安思 李明[3] 屠焰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业部饲料生物技术重点试验室,北京100081 [2]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州730070 [3]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2017年第12期2347-2357,共11页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：公益性行业科技项目(201303143);河南省科技开放合作项目(152106000029);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(Z-2013-08-01)

摘　　要：旨在研究不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维(NFC/NDF)水平饲粮对3~6月龄断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物多样性的影响。选取2~3月龄健康、平均体重为(94.38±0.25)kg的断奶公犊牛30头,随机分为2组,每组15头。分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平相近,NFC/NDF分别为1.35(A组)和0.80(D组)的2种全混合饲粮。试验期105d,其中预试期15d,正试期90d。试验开始后,每组挑选6头体重相近、健康的犊牛,分别在120、150和180日龄晨饲后2h口腔采集瘤胃液,测定其pH、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮浓度和微生物多样性。结果表明:1)饲喂不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮对犊牛瘤胃液pH和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);2)NH3-N和乙酸浓度及乙/丙比A组显著低于D组(P<0.05),而丙酸浓度则A组显著高于D组(P<0.05);3)A组瘤胃微生物多样性指数皆显著低于D组(P<0.05);4)门水平上,拟杆菌门占序列总数的比例A组显著高于D组(P<0.05),属水平上Christensenellaceae_R-7和Prevotellaceae_UCG-003所占比例D组显著高于A组(P<0.05);5)随着日龄的增加,犊牛瘤胃液细菌多样性指数除Shannon指数外,其他指标皆组间差异显著(P<0.05),微生物组成无显著变化(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲喂不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮,显著影响了断奶犊牛瘤胃中微生物的种类和丰富度,影响属水平上微生物的组成,继而对乙酸和丙酸产量产生影响。This study assessed the effects of diets with different non-fiber carbohydrate （NFC）/neutral detergent fiber （NDF） levels on rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community of male calves. Thirty 2-3 month-old healthy weaned male calves with （94.38±0.25）kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 calves each, and were fed 2 types of total mixed ratio diet with the same crude protein level and different NFC/NDF ratios （1.35（A） and 0.80（D））, respectively. The experiment lasted for 105 d, with 15 d of adaptation period and 90 d of formal period. Six calves in each group were selected to collect rumen fluid through oral for 2 hours after morning feeding on the 120, 150 and 180 d. The pH, volatile fatty acids （VFA） and NH3-N concentration and rumen microbial diversity of the rumen fluid samples were determined. The results showed that：1） The dietary NFC/NDF levels had no significant effect on rumen fluid pH and total VFA concentration （P〉0.05）; 2） Acetate, NH3-N concentration and acetate/propionate ratio in group A were significantly lower than that in group D （P〈0.05）, propionate content in group A were significantly higher than that in group D （P〈0.05）; 3） The microbial diversity parameters of rumen fluid of calves in group A were significantly lower than that in group D （P〈0.05）; 4） At the phylum level, bacteriodetes proportion accounting for the total number of sequences of calves in group A was significantly higher than that in group D （P〈0.05）, Christensenellaceae_R-7 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 proportions accounting for the total number of sequences of calves in group D was significantly higher at the genus level than that in group A （P〈0.05）; 5） With the age increasing, the diversity indices except for Shannon index, were significantly different between the 2 groups （P〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference in rumen microbial composition between the 2 groups（P〉0.05）. In summary, the dietary NFC/NDF levels

关 键 词：断奶肉犊牛 非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维 瘤胃发酵参数 瘤胃微生物区系 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]