近30年湘江中下游典型江心洲演变规律  

Processes of typical mid-channel bars in the middle and lower Xiang River since 1980s

作　　者：隆院男[1,2] 刘晶 李志威[1,2] 蒋昌波 

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2017年第6期8-15,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51239001);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2016JJ3011);长江科学院开放研究基金项目(CKWV2016369/KY);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(16B010;16C0056);水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室基金项目(2016SS04)

摘　　要：湘江中下游为典型的分汊河道,现有15个江心洲,江心洲发育与稳定性对河道演变与航道运行具有重要意义。选取衡阳水文站1953-2014年和湘潭水文站1952-2014年实测逐日水沙数据,1987、1995、2002和2015年6个典型江心洲的遥感影像,以及香炉洲和冯家洲分别于1983、1988和2008年的水上水下地形数据,分析了近30年湘江中下游的年际与年内水沙变化,江心洲的面积变化,以及洲头和洲尾的泥沙淤积。湘江下游年径流量变化幅度较小,但1970年代以来输沙量不断减小。湘江来沙集中于汛期,且汛、枯期输沙量有较大差异。1983-1995年江心洲处于发育阶段,洲体的面积与体积持续增加。1995年之后由于上游水库群修建,江心洲出现大幅度的面积萎缩。近20年湘江中下游的江心洲处于不断地冲刷萎缩中,需要采取人工护岸以保护江心洲湿地和维持航道稳定。The middle and lower Xiang River is typical branching channels,where there is 15 mid-channel bars. Development and stability of these mid-channel bars greatly affect channel evolution and navigation. Variations of flow and sediment,area of mid-channel bars,and sediment deposition of bar head and tail were analyzed since 1980 s,using daily flow and sediment data of Hengyang（1953-2014） and Xiangtan（1952-2014） hydrological stations,remote sensing images of six typical mid-channel bars（1987,1995,2002,2015）,and the topographical data of Xianglu and Fengjia bars in 1983,1988,and 2008. Variation of annual runoff in the lower Xiang River is not large,but sediment load consistently decreases since 1970 s. Incoming sediment load of Xiang River basin is mainly transported in flood season（April-September）. Area and volume of six mid-channel bars slightly increased from 1983 to 1995. However,mid-channel bars are gradually shrinking due to impoundment of reservoirs after 1995. Mid-channel bars in the middle and lower Xiang River are eroding by clear water,so it is necessary to protect bars as riparian wetland and maintain the stability of navigation by artificial revetment projects.

关 键 词：湘江 江心洲 平面形态 水沙变化 冲刷 

分 类 号：TV147.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]