不同潜在蒸散发估算方法在汉江流域中上游地区的适用性研究  

The applicability of various potential evapotranspiration estimation methods in the middle and upper reaches of Hanjiang River Basin

作　　者：李天生 夏军[1] 匡洋[2] 佘敦先[1] 余江游 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]长江水利委员会长江科学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2017年第6期1-10,共10页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571028)~~

摘　　要：蒸散发是流域能量循环和水文循环的重要变量,准确估算蒸散发具有重要的现实意义。FAO56PenmanMonteith方法计算潜在蒸散发量时气象资料往往不易满足,同时,在提出形式简单且满足精度要求的其它估算方法时,缺乏足够全面的适用性分析。针对上述问题,基于汉江流域中上游地区12个气象站点1961-2013年的逐日气象资料,以FAO56Penman-Monteith方法估算的潜在蒸散发量作为参考标准,分别从不同的时间尺度和空间尺度对比分析了1种综合类方法、2种辐射类方法和3种温度类方法在汉江流域的适用性。结果表明,辐射类方法适用性最好,综合类方法次之,温度类方法适用性较差。其中Makkink方法和Priestley-Taylor方法在研究区的适用性最好,计算精度高,McCloud方法在研究区的适用性最差,误差较大。As the potential evapotranspiration （PET） is one of the important factors in the energy cycle and hydrological cycle, the accu- rate estimation of PET has important practical significance The FAO56-PM method can give efficient estimation of PET;however, its applicability is constrained as it requires a large amount of data. Different PET estimation methods have been proposed and the applicability of these methods should be tested before they are applied in a typical region. In this study, we attempted to examine the efficiency of 7 PET estimation methods in spatial and temporal dimensions in the upper and middle reaches of Hanjiang River Basin using the daily meteorological data during 1961-2013. The results showed that the radiation-based methods were the optimal choice, followed by the combination method,and the temperature-based methods were the least suitable choice for the PET estimation in the study area. Among these estimation methods, the Makkink method and the Priestley-Taylor method showed the best applicability and highest precision in the study area, while the McCloud method showed the worst applicability and largest error.

关 键 词：潜在蒸散发 综合法 辐射法 温度法 汉江中上游 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]