闽江下游及河口悬浮物时空分布特征及其影响因素  

Temporal-spatial Distribution and Its Influencing Factors of Suspended Particulate Matters in Minjiang Lower Reaches and Estuary

作　　者：龚松柏[1] 高爱国[1] 林建杰[2] 朱旭旭[1] 张延颇[1] 侯昱廷 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361102 [2]福州市海洋与渔业技术中心,福建福州350026

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2017年第6期826-836,共11页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41376050)

摘　　要：为了解闽江下游及河口悬浮物的时空变化特征和影响因素,于2014~2015年采集了研究区4个季节的水样,并在河口进行了冬、春季2次加密采样。结果表明:从闽江水口水库经河口至外海,悬浮物浓度呈现"低→高→低"的分布特征,并具有春、夏季高于秋、冬季的季节变化特征;河口悬浮物浓度从涨潮至低潮阶段,总体呈现由河端向海端降低的特征,且其浓度冬季高于春季;河口冬季水体混合作用较强,盐度分层不明显;春季盐度分层显著,且涨潮和高潮时河口盐水楔活动影响悬浮物分布;河口最大浑浊带的规模呈现枯兴洪衰的趋势,其位置随潮汐的涨落上下摆动,通常秋、冬季偏上游,而春、夏季偏下游;闽江河口悬浮物时空分布受径流、潮流及盐度分布等影响显著,且强潮流、分支水道、盐水楔等因素对悬浮物的影响被放大,中小型河口更多地反映出各因素及其河口自身特征的综合影响;与中国其他河流相比,闽江河口悬浮物浓度远低于黄河河口,与长江河口相近,高于位于其南侧的珠江河口;闽江河口悬浮物的季节变化特征与其他河流相反;各河口悬浮物随潮周期的变化规律类似;闽江河口总体呈冲刷状态,水动力增强,悬浮物浓度呈上升趋势,对河口地貌、河口生态和港口航运等产生影响。For understanding the temporal-spatial distribution and its influencing factors of suspended particulate matters（SPM）in Minjiang lower reaches and estuary,the water samples during spring,summer,autumn and winter were collected from 2014 to 2015,and the intensive samples during spring and winter were carried out in estuary.The results show that the concentrations of SPM present the characteristics of ＂low-high-low＂ from Shuikou reservoir in Minjiang to the sea,and the concentrations during autumn and winter are higher than those during spring and summer;from high tide to low tide,the concentrations of SPM in estuary decrease from the river side to the sea side,and the concentrations during winter are higher than those during spring;the water is mixed and the salinity stratification is not obvious in estuary during winter,but the salinity stratification coefficient is significant,and the activity of saline wedge in estuary during flood and high tide has an effect on the distribution of SPM duringspring;the turbidity maximum zone in estuary forms during dry season and declines during flood,and the location floats up and down with a tidal,usually upstream during autumn and winter and downstream during spring and summer;the influences of runoff,tide and salinity on the temporal-spatial distribution of SPM in estuary are obvious,meanwhile the influences of tide race,branch channel,saline wedge and other factors on SPM are magnified;the small and medium-sized estuaries reflect much more about the comprehensively effects of factors and their own characteristics on the distribution of SPM;compared to other great rivers in China,the concentration of SPM in Minjiang estuary is much lower than that in Yellow River estuary,and similar to that in Yangtze River estuary,while higher than that in Pearl River estuary which located in the south of Minjiang;the seasonal variation characteristics of SPM in Minjiang estuary are contrary to those great rivers,but the changing processes of SPM with tidal cycle are similar to the

关 键 词：悬浮物 盐度 最大浑浊带 时空分布 潮周期 再悬浮 闽江 

分 类 号：P734.23[天文地球—海洋化学]