养殖场、农田和道路大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子污染特征分析  

Composition analysis of water-soluble ions in atmospheric PM_(2.5) from dairy farm,farmland and road

作　　者：王雪君[1] 高志岭[1] 刘学军[2] 张楠 张金瑞 WANG Xuejun;GAO Zhiling;LIU Xuejun;ZHANG Nan;ZHANG Jinrui(College of resources and environmental science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China;Callege of resources and environmental sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定071000 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《环境化学》2017年第11期2398-2407,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41275163)资助~~

摘　　要：为探究不同监测位点PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子的组分差异和相关性特征,于2015年12月—2016年5月在保定地区养殖场、农田和道路3个监测位点进行PM_(2.5)样品的采集和分析,并结合主因子分析、相关性分析对其主要来源进行了分析.3个监测位点大气PM_(2.5)日均质量浓度和水溶性离子组成均存在明显区别:PM_(2.5)污染水平为道路>养殖场>农田,水溶性离子污染水平为养殖场>道路>农田;3个监测位点中,二次污染物SNA(SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-和NH_4^+三者的简称)浓度及占总离子的比值均以养殖场监测位点为最高,其次分别为道路和农田;养殖场监测位点的阴阳离子电荷平衡呈碱性(1.07),而道路和农田均接近中性(1.00和0.98).此外,不同时期PM_(2.5)水溶性离子组成特征也存在明显区别:各监测位点采暖期SNA占比均高于沙尘期,其中养殖场位点SNA占比差异最大,因此采暖期二次污染的贡献高于沙尘期.尽管3个监测位点的二次污染均以固定源为主,但固定源对采暖期养殖场和农田位点的二次污染的贡献明显低于沙尘期.To characterize the composition differences of water-soluble ions in atmospheric PM2.5 at different monitoring sites,PM2.5 samples at dairy farm,farmland and road were collected and analyzed during December 2015 and May 2016 in Baoding. The main sources of the water-soluble ions of PM2.5 at these sites were apportioned by combining the processes of principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Apparent differences of the daily average concentrations and the water-soluble ions compositions among three monitoring sites were observed. The pollution level of PM2.5 was in the order of road〉dairy farm〉farmland,and the proportion of water-soluble ions to the PM2.5 was in the order of dairy farm〉 road 〉farmland. The concentration and proportion of SNA（ including SO4^2-,NO3^- and NH4^＋） at the dairy farm were the greatest,followed by those at road and farmland. The charge balance of anions and cations in the dairy farm was alkalinity（ 1.07）,while they were near neutral（ 1.00 and 0.98） in the farmland and road. In addition,the characteristics of water-soluble ions composition were apparently differentbetween the heating period and dust period.The proportions of SNA in the heating period were higher than those in the dust period at all the monitoring sites,where the greatest difference between two periods were found in the dairy farm,and greater contributions of SNA to PM2.5 in heating period were observed. Furthermore,stationary sources were identified to be the dominant sources of secondary aerosol at all the monitoring sites.However,less contribution of the stationary sources to the PM2.5 was observed in the dust period.

关 键 词：PM2.5 水溶性离子 采暖期 沙尘期 二次污染物 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]