河北省典型土壤磷库状况及对长期施磷和秸秆还田的响应  

Response of long-term phosphorus fertilization and straw return to various fractions of phosphorus in typical soil of Hebei province

作　　者：黄欣欣[1] 廖文华[1] 刘建玲[1,2] 贾良良 刘孟朝[3] 杨云马[3] 杨羚[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071001 [3]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年第6期30-36,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(12220204D;HBNZTS201502)

摘　　要：通过大面积田间土壤养分测定及与1978年第二次土壤普查结果比较,系统研究了河北省不同农业生态类型区典型褐土、潮土、水稻土土壤磷素状况及其演变规律,并基于肥料定位试验系统研究了河北省典型褐土、潮土上长期施用磷肥、秸秆还田对土壤各形态磷库的影响。结果表明:河北省主要农业生态类型区土壤全磷、无机磷总量、Olsen-P含量均表现为太行山山麓平原褐土区>海河冲积低平原潮土区>冀东滨海平原水稻土区。1978年二次土壤普查至2014年的36年间,褐土、潮土、水稻土土壤全磷分别增加66.5%、32.8%、23.2%;Olsen-P分别增加了444.9%、533.4%和171.8%,有效磷占全磷的比重呈逐渐增加趋势。太行山山麓平原典型褐土上连续7年施用P2O575~210 kg/hm2,与P1相比,土壤Olsen-P占全磷比重以及Ca2-P、Ca8-P占全磷、无机磷的比重均随磷用量的增加呈增加趋势,O-P占无机磷比重随磷肥用量的增加呈降低趋势。山麓平原典型潮土中小麦秸秆还田22年,土壤全磷、无机磷总量、Olsen-P无显著增加,土壤无机磷中Ca2-P、Al-P、Fe-P、O-P、Ca10-P均无显著变化,Ca8-P显著增加。In this study, changes of soil phosphorus in brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, paddy soil during the last 36 years were examined through a comparison between recently extensive measurements and the second soil survey data of Hebei Province, and the impacts of long-term use of phosphate fertilizer and straw return on the fractions of soil inorganic phosphorus were also investigated based on field experiments. The regional difference of soil P fractions among three different ecological regions in- cluding the piedmont plain, low plain and coastal plain in Hebei province were observed. Results showed that the contents of total phosphorus, the fractions of soil inorganic P, and 01sen-P, in three ecological regions were in an order of piedmont plain （brown soil） 〉 low plain （fluvo-aquic soil） 〉 coastal plain （paddy soil）. Soil total phosphorus of piedmont plain, low plains, coastal plain increased by 66. 5%, 32. 8%, 23.2%, respectively from 1978 to 2014, and 01sen-P increased by 444. 9%, 533.4% and 171.8%. In 7-year application of 75 -210 kg/hm2 phosphate （PzO5） was applied in winter wheat- summer maize rotation in piedmont plain （ brown soil） to study the impact of long-term phosphorus fertilization. It showed that the proportions of Olsen-P, Ca2-P and Cas-P to total phosphorus and Ca2-P and Cas-P to inorganic phosphorus increased, the proportions of O-P to inorganic phosphorus declined. Impact of long-term wheat straw return in winter wheat-summer maize rota- tion on soil phosphorus in typical fluvo-aquic soil area in piedmont plain showed that there was little impact on soil total phos- phorus, total inorganic phosphorus, Olsen-P after 22 years. In addition, Cas-P were significantly increased while other forms including Ca2-P, A1-P, Fe-P and O-P, Cal0-P remained stable.

关 键 词：山麓平原 低平原 滨海平原 磷肥 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]