海南省琼海市疟疾流行概况与防治历程及消除措施评价  

Epidemiological situation, preventive procedure and elimination of malaria in Qionghai,Hainan

作　　者：符芳敏 王会宽[1] 马涛[1] 孙川 马世龙 董夏汝 颜李丽 彭修月 黄文帅 

机构地区：[1]琼海市疾病预防控制中心,海南琼海571400

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2017年第11期1106-1110,1114,共6页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解琼海市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评价琼海市消除疟疾工作,探讨今后疟疾监控工作重点。方法收集1952—2015年琼海市疟疾疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料,描述分析不同阶段疟疾流行特点和防控措施,并对琼海市消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果琼海市历史上为疟疾高度流行区,1955年疟疾发病率为1 207.34/万,为有疫情数据记载的历史最高峰。全市防治工作经历控制流行、抗疟联防与经常性管理、消除疟疾3个阶段防治。在消除疟疾阶段(2010—2015年),琼海市根据《中国消除疟疾行动(2010—2020年)》和《海南省消除疟疾实施方案》要求,全面开展消除疟疾工作,疟原虫血检44 235人,年度血检数均达到总人口1‰以上,血片复核率10%,2011年、2013年各发生1例输入性恶性疟病例得到及时有效控制。媒介监测发现边远地区仍有较低密度的传疟媒介微小按蚊残存。结论琼海市经过多年疟疾防治,已连续6年无本地感染病例,达到消除疟疾标准。今后应加强输入性病例监测。Objective To understand the malaria epidemiological situation and preventive procedure, assess the effect of the measures in malaria elimination, and discuss the focus of malaria prevention and control in Qionghai City in the future. Methods The data of malaria control in Qionghai City from 1952 to 2015, such as reports, documents, work plans, strategies and measures, were collected, the malaria epidemic characteristics and prevention measures in different stages were descriptively analyzed, and the malaria elimination work was assessed. Results Qionghai was historically a highly endemic area of malaria. The incidence rate was 1 207.34/104 in the peak year 1955. The malaria prevention and control history in the city contained three stages： epidemic control, joint prevention and regular management, and malaria elimination. During the phase of malaria elimination （2010-2015）, the people led by the Qionghai City government carried out malaria elimination work in an all-round way according to ＂China malaria eradication initiative （2010-2020 years）＂ and ＂Hainan Malaria Eradication Embodiment＂. Totally 44 235 people were performed the Plasmodium detection by microscopy. The annual detection rate reached more than 1%0 of the population and the retest rate of blood smears was 10%. The imported malaria cases reported in 2011 （one case） and 2013 （one case） were controlled effectively in time. However, there was still low-density of Anopheles minimus mosquitoes, the local vector of malaria transmission, which were found at farmers＇ homes in suburb by the insect- borne monitoring. Conclusion After many years＇ hard malaria control work, there has not been any local infection in Qionghai City for six consecutive years, and the city has achieved the goal of malaria elimination. In the future, the monitoring of imported malaria cases should he strengthened.

关 键 词：疟疾 流行 消除 评价 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]