自由探测和利用外空自然资源及其法律限制 以美国、卢森堡两国有关空间资源立法为视角  

Freely Exploring and Using Space Natural Resources and Its Legal Limitation Taking the Case of National Legislation on Space Natural Resources of the U.S.and Luxembourg

作　　者：李寿平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2017年第6期1566-1583,共18页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"外空自然资源开采国际机制的构建与中国的对策"(项目编号:17BFX157)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要："人类共同继承财产"尚未成为国际空间法中的国际习惯和一般法律原则,附着于外空及天体上的自然资源属于共有物,国家及非政府私人实体都有权自由探索与利用,但要受到为所有国家谋福利原则、不得据为己有原则、充分注意他国利益及不得损害外空环境原则的限制。从天体上提取或移走的自然资源的法律属性则不同于外空及天体,国家及非政府实体都可以对其主张所有权。美国、卢森堡两国现行有关空间资源立法虽然引起国际社会的热议,但其并不违背现行国际空间法。为此,我国一方面应坚持主张,凡是可以从外空及天体提取或移走的自然资源,在新的国际法律制度出台之前,国家及在国家监管下的私人实体都有权自由探测和利用,另一方面应积极推动激活《月球协定》,促进人类共同继承财产原则在国际社会的普遍接受。同时,我国应加快国家综合性空间立法和商业航天立法的步伐。The principle of common heritage of mankind hasn＇t been international custom and general principle in international space law. Outer space and natural resources in or on celestial bodies shall be considered as res communis. States and non--governmental entities have the right to freely explore and use it. But it shall be subject to the principle of for the benefit of all countries, the principle of national non--appropriation and the principle of due regard to the corresponding interests of all other states and a- voiding harmful contamination to outer space and celetial bodies. States and other non--governmental en- tities can claim for ownership to space natural resources which have been moved or taken from outer space or celetial bodies. National legislation on space natural resources of the U.S. and Luxembourg gave rise to discussion in international society, but their legislation was notc ontrary to existing international space law.Chines government shall insist that as to the space natural resources which can be moved or taken from celetial bodies, before the establishment of new legal framework, states and private entities have the right to freely explore and use it. On the other hand, chinese government shall activitly promote the activiation of Moon Agreement. At the same time, Chinese government shall accelerate national corn- prehensive space legislation and professional legislation on commercial use of outer space.

关 键 词：外空自然资源 人类共同继承财产 共有物 不得据为己有 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]