汉语中的科学术语及其教学——以“X度”为例  

On Scientific Term and its Teaching in Chinese——Using “Xdu( 度) ” as an Example

作　　者：刘春梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语速成学院/国际汉语教学研究基地,中国北京100083

出　　处：《海外华文教育》2017年第11期1461-1469,共9页Overseas Chinese Education

基　　金：北京语言大学院级项目(17YJ080601);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(15JJD740006);北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务专项资金)(17WP02)的支持

摘　　要：在现代汉语词汇系统中,"X度"是比较能产的词法模式。使用该模式创造的"X度"系列词中,有超过50%的成员是科学术语,语义准确性高;在语义发展过程中,少量"X度"多义化,但绝大多数科学术语"X度"保持单义性;"X度"成员数量不断增加,有相当数量的"X度"产生之初就是普通词语,少数科学术语"X度"也在使用过程中引申出其他义项,具有了全民性。在TCSL中,教师应有意识地向学习者介绍和展示"X度"系列词的系统性和语义特征,以促进学习者对相关词汇的整体把握,提高学习效率。In modern Chinese vocabulary system,"Xdu( 度) "is a relatively productive lexical pattern.More than 50% of the "Xdu( 度) "series words by this pattern are scientific terms with high semantic accuracy. During the process of semantic development,a small amount of " Xdu( 度) " are polysemified,but the vast majority of scientific terms "Xdu( 度) "maintain semantic uniqueness. "Xdu( 度) "words continue to increase,a considerable number of "Xdu( 度) "words are ordinary words at the beginning.A few scientific terms "Xdu( 度) "have also derived other items in the process of using,and then have a universal nature. In TCSL,teachers should consciously introduce and demonstrate the system and semantic features of "Xdu( 度) "series words,to promote learners overall grasp of the relevant words,and improve learning effect and learning efficiency.

关 键 词：词法模式 “X度” 科学术语 语义准确性 语义单义性 普通词语 TCSL 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]