从梁启超到孙中山:清季共和先驱的易位  

From Liang Qichao to Sun Yat-sen: Substitution of the Forerunner in Pursuit of a Republic in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：桑兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史系

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2018年第1期88-102,共15页Social Sciences in Guangdong

摘　　要：清季梁启超鼓吹共和,造成共和思想初兴,国内学堂学生和留日学生成为共和思想的信奉者以及共和制度的实行者。南洋公学风潮退学生要求建立共和学校,引发学界和各界的广泛讨论。正当国内外青年学生在《革命军》的鼓动下沿着共和的大道高歌猛进之际,从新大陆东归的梁启超却告别共和,一步退到开明专制。而鉴于邹容提出的"中华共和国"不胫而走,之前坚持反清革命,但汉语表述不使用"共和"概念,以免与古代贵族共和以及共和专制相牵混的孙中山,适时趁势采用共和的口号,很快被拥戴为中国共和革命的旗帜北辰,转身成为共和的先驱。只是作为严格的学理概念,孙中山还是使用不易引起歧义的"民权"、"民主"、"立宪"取代"共和"。In the Qing Dynasty,Liang Qichao initiated the fervor of republicanism,attracting a number of new school students in China and those who studied in Japan. They not only became believers of republicanism,but also played an active role in realizing republican institution. For instance,one of the requirements of the students who dropped out of Nanyang Public School—to establish a republican school— aroused widespread discussions both in academia and in society. However,when Zou Rong's The Revolutionary Army further agitated the students,Liang Qichao,who had just returned from the United States,abandoned republicanism and supported enlightened absolutism instead. By contrast,Sun Yat-sen,an advocate of anti-Qing revolution,had intentionally chose not to use the concept of "republic"to avoid confusion with ancient republic of aristocrats and with tyrannical republic as well. When Zou Rong's idea of the"Republic of China"became popular,Sun Yat-sen took advantage of such a trend and adopted the slogan of "republic. "Consequently,Sun was soon considered as the leader and the forerunner of republican revolution in China. But when he explained the concept of "republic,"Sun still opted for civil rights,democracy,and constitutionalism instead to avoid misunderstanding.

关 键 词：梁启超 孙中山 南洋公学 邹容 共和 

分 类 号：K257[历史地理—历史学]