栀子开花生物学特性和人工去雄授粉研究  

Biological Features of Flowering and Artificial Pollination of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.

作　　者：王晓云[1,2,3] 徐旭 王鹏良[4] 

机构地区：[1]江西中医药大学,南昌330004 [2]江西民族传统药现代科技与产业发展协同创新中心,南昌330004 [3]江西省中药种质资源工程技术研究中心,南昌330004 [4]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,南宁530002

出　　处：《种子》2017年第12期30-34,共5页Seed

基　　金：江西省科技计划项目"基于分子遗传图谱构建和重要性状QTL定位的栀子种质资源创新(20151BBG70037)";国家自然科学基金项目"基于转录组和简化基因组测序构建栀子高密度遗传图谱并定位产量相关性状QTL(31660218)"

摘　　要：栀子用途广泛,国内大面积栽培种植。为创造育种材料,以2种性状优良的栀子类型(高枝大果型和矮枝小果型)和重瓣栀子为材料,利用TTC法检测花粉活力、人工离体培养法检测花粉管萌发情况,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,从而确定最佳授粉时期。在此基础上,对2种性状优良的栀子进行人工去雄,再正反交授粉。结果表明,高枝大果型和矮枝小果型栀子可以产生大量黄色的四合花粉。随着花朵成熟度下降,花粉活力略有下降,花粉粒的萌发率也略有下降,未成熟花粉粒逐渐增多;柱头可授性也下降。重瓣栀子可产生极少量的四合花粉,大部分是形态较小、畸形的单粒花粉或复合花粉,活力低下,柱头畸形且可授性低,这可能是重瓣栀子不育的原因。进行杂交试验时,取尚未开放的深绿色栀子花朵进行人工去雄、套袋,待柱头发育成熟后,在父本植株上选择即将开放花朵的成熟花粉粒,授粉后获得可育的种子。Gjasminoides is used popularly and cultivated in large areas in China. Stigma receptivity, pollen viability and germination of a large G.jasminoides Ellis var. iasminoides variety bearing big fruits and a small variety bearing small fruits, and a G.jasminoides Ellis var.fortuniana（Lindl.）Hara. were investigated in order to obtain breeding materials.Reciprocal crossings were carried out between two var.jasminoides.Both the two var.jasminoides yielded plenty of yellow tetrad pollens in flowering stage ,and stigma receptivity, pollen viability and germination decreased with maturity degree of flow- ers.The var.fortuniana（Lindl.）Hara were sterile because of abnormal stigma with low receptivity,and could only produce minute quantity of pollens,and most of these pollens were small and abnormal. In artificial crossing,stamens in green buds of two var.jasminoides varieties were removed, then these buds were bagged.When pistils of these buds have matured,pollination were carried out with pollensfrom about-to-open flowers.In reciprocal crossings,plenty of seeds were yielded.

关 键 词：栀子 花粉活力 柱头可授性 去雄杂交 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]