论“无公认非国家行为体”的大国承认  

A Study on the Puzzle Why Great Powers Selectively Recognize the Independence of ‘Non-Recognized de facto States' in International Society

作　　者：曾向红[1,2] 杨双梅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学管理学院 [2]兰州大学中亚研究所

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2017年第12期76-102,共27页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：兰州大学杨恕教授主持的国家社科基金重点项目“涉疆反恐形势、机制与对策研究”(项目批准号:15AZD018)的阶段性成果;兰州大学2017年中央高校基本科研业务费重点研究基地团队建设项目--“‘一带一路’安全问题研究”(项目编号:17LZUJBWTD002)的资助

摘　　要：当今世界面临严峻的分裂主义威胁。此前即已存在的俄罗斯车臣问题,近年来变得日益突出的苏格兰问题、库尔德问题、加泰罗尼亚问题等,均对地区安全与稳定产生了影响。由此衍生的一个重要问题是,如何应对这些"无公认非国家行为体"追求国际承认的诉求。截至目前,国际社会尤其是大国在承认无公认非国家行为体方面一直存在诸多争议,而且立场存在明显差异。对于这一问题,现有从国际法与国际关系学视角出发对大国为何在承认无公认非国家行为体方面立场迥异的研究成果难以充分说明这一问题产生的原因。事实上,寻求承认的行为体是否具备充分的准国家能力与大国围绕这些行为体所进行的战略考虑,是影响无公认非国家行为体能否获得大国承认的关键因素。结合大国对斯洛文尼亚与克罗地亚、科索沃、南奥塞梯的承认情况进行分析后可以发现,只有当无公认非国家行为体符合大国的战略考虑,且被承认实体的准国家能力足以维持其独立时,大国才会承认其独立地位。这一研究框架及相关结论对国际社会理解和应对无公认非国家行为体的承认问题具有一定的理论和政策启示意义。Nowadays,separatism is a serious threat to the stability of world. The existing Chechen separatism in Russia and the separatism demands of Scotland,Kurdish and Catalonia in United Kingdom,Middle East and Spain respectively, all have impacts on regional security and international stability. A critical question arising from these separatism phenomena is how the international society should deal with the pursuit of international recognition by these ‘non-recognized de facto states'. Up to now,international society, especially great powers always hold different, even opposite standpoints over the recognition of these ‘non-recognized de facto states '. Why do great powers selectively recognize the independence of these political actors? The existing research from the perspective of International Law and International Relations cannot fully explain the puzzle. This article argues that whether a ‘non-recognized de facto state' can acquire the recognition of great powers depends on two factors,namely,the quasi-national capabilities of the actor and the strategic consideration of great powers. By analyzing the recognition status of the independence of Slovenia & Croatia,Kosovo and South Ossetia by great powers,this article finds that only when the quasinational capabilities of ‘non-recognized de facto state' can maintain its independence and its formal independence conforms to the strategic consideration of the great powers,can its independence be recognized by great powers. The analytical framework and conclusion of this article can provide some practical and theoretical insights for international society to tackle the recognition aspiration of the ‘non-recognized de facto states'.

关 键 词：无公认非国家行为体 大国承认 准国家能力 科索沃 南奥塞梯 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] D992[政治法律—政治学]