政府主导、地方政府竞争与城乡收入差距——基于面板分位数模型的经验证据  

Government Dominance, Local Government Competition and Urban-Rural Income Gap:Empirical Evidence Based on Panel Quantile Model

作　　者：邓金钱[1] 何爱平[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2017年第6期54-67,共14页Chinese Journal of Population Science

摘　　要：文章基于中国经济增长的特征事实,对政府主导、地方政府竞争影响城乡收入差距的制度背景和理论机制进行梳理,并采用面板分位数回归模型进行实证考察。研究发现:(1)中国式分权改革中形成的"增长型激励"导致地方政府主导辖区经济增长,这一经济特征通过资源配置和经济政策的城镇偏向扩大了城乡收入差距;(2)地方政府为发展辖区经济而展开竞争,引导外商直接投资向城镇和非农产业集聚,城乡收入差距也因此而加大;(3)政府主导、地方政府竞争对城乡收入差距的影响轨迹均呈明显的倒"U"形;(4)政府主导与地方政府竞争的协同效应可以显著缩小城乡收入差距,即政府主导会降低地方政府竞争对城乡收入差距影响的边际贡献,同样地方政府竞争也会降低政府主导对城乡收入差距影响的边际贡献。因此,缩小城乡收入差距、实现城乡共享发展必须对地方政府行为做出制度规范和激励约束。Based on the characteristic facts of China's economic growth, this paper discusses the system background and theoretical mechanism of the influence of government dominance and local government competition on urban-rural income gap, and uses panel quantile regression model to do empirical analysis. The research shows that:(1) the institutional environment of Chinese decentralization forming"encouragement by growth type"has led to local government dominance on economic growth in the districts. Its economic characteristic has resulted in urban bias of resource allocation and economic policy, and that has significantly exacerbated urban-rural income gap.(2) In order to develop local economics, local government competition leads to the concentration of foreign direct investment toward urban areas and non-agricultural industries, therefore, the urban-rural income gap is increasing.(3) The influence of government dominance and local government competition on urban-rural income gap tends to show an"inverted U"shape.(4) The coordination effect of government dominance and local government competition can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap, and with the strengthening of government dominance, the marginal contribution of local government competition to urban-rural income gap will be reduced. Similarly, the promotion of local government competition will also reduce the marginal contribution of the government dominance to the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, in order to narrow the urban-rural income gap and realize the shared development between urban and rural areas, it is necessary to standardize the behavior of local governments.

关 键 词：政府主导 地方政府竞争 城乡收入差距 地区经济增长 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] F124.7[政治法律—中外政治制度]