青藏高原垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠的生态地理特征  

The ecogeographical characteristics of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert on the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：赵海卫[1,2,3] 郭柯 乔鲜果[1,2] 刘长成 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049 [3]滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,滨州256603

出　　处：《地理研究》2017年第12期2441-2450,共10页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2012FY111400)

摘　　要：高寒荒漠是青藏高原西北部及其周边高地特有的一种荒漠类型,其中,垫状驼绒藜(Ceratoides compacta)高寒荒漠分布范围最广、最为典型。在对其分布区进行数次植被考察的基础上,系统分析垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠的生态地理特征,包括其分布、群落特征及环境特点。结果表明:垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠的分布既有高原地带性的特征,又受到局部地形、土壤水分及化学性质的强烈影响而表现出一定隐域性的特点;垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠群落盖度稀疏且变化较大,植物种类贫乏,菊科、禾本科、十字花科、豆科、藜科植物在其物种组成中扮演着重要角色,属的分布区类型多为北温带分布;寒、旱、盐碱、贫瘠是垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠的四大环境特点,其中干旱既有气候性的干旱,又有生理性的干旱。Alpine desert is a unique vegetation type on the northwestern part of the Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent highlands, in which Ceratoides compacta alpine desert is the most typical and widespread formation. Based on the primary relevds obtained from fieldworks, we studied the ecogeographical characteristics of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert on the Tibetan Plateau systematically, including its distributions, community characteristics and environmental features. The research showed that the distribution of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert followed both the plateau zonality rule and the non-zonality rule of vegetation in which the latter was strongly influenced by local topography, soil moisture and chemical properties. Generally, the plant community was sparse with great variance in coverage. Ceratoides compacta alpine desert was rather deficient in species and plants of some specific families including Compositae, Gramineae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae and Chenopodiaceae played an important role in the community. Moreover, the majority of these species belonged to the genera of the north temperate areal type. In addition, the environment of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert was mainly characterized by frost weather, climatic and physiologic drought as well as saline- alkali and barren soil.

关 键 词：高寒荒漠 垫状驼绒藜 分布格局 群落特征 环境 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]