放牧和AM真菌对夏季青藏高原东缘老芒麦生长和白粉病的影响  

Influence of grazing and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal infections on vegetative growth and powdery mildew incidence in Elymus sibiricus grown in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in summer

作　　者：李芳[1] 张峰[1] 郭艳娥[1] 高萍[1] 段廷玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室农业部草牧业创新重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第12期2528-2537,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);中央高校基本科研业务费(2022016zr0003);教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT-17R50)

摘　　要：自玛曲3个放牧强度放牧地取土样,并采集优势植物老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)种子,在温室条件下研究了3个放牧强度下土壤丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌对老芒麦生长和白粉病的影响。放牧强度分别为轻度放牧、中度放牧和重度放牧,土壤处理分别为未作任何处理(自然土)、湿热灭菌土、湿热灭菌后还原除AM真菌外微生物土以及湿热灭菌后接种根内球囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices)和幼套球囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum)混合菌剂土。结果表明,放牧和AM真菌均可影响老芒麦生长和白粉病发生。老芒麦白粉病的发病率因不同放牧强度和土壤处理而异,中度放牧和重度放牧土壤处理下,老芒麦白粉病发病率低于轻度放牧处理,老芒麦总生物量、总磷含量、光合速率均高于轻度放牧土壤处理。老芒麦在自然土处理下白粉病发病率最高,为59.83%,灭菌土处理下老芒麦白粉病发病率最低,为44.73%。与自然土处理相比,接种AM真菌处理老芒麦白粉病发病率降低13.15%,总生物量增加56.46%。放牧强度和土壤处理对老芒麦总磷含量、叶绿素含量、多酚氧化酶存在交互效应。We established a greenhouse experiment to study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza（AM）fungal infections on plant growth and powdery mildew incidence in the grass species Elymus sibiricus.Soil was collected from Gansu Maqu alpine grassland and used as follows：no treatment,sterilized to eliminate all microorganisms,sterilized and microorganisms returned except for AM fungi,sterilized and inoculated with a mix of Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum.E.sibiricus was grown on each of the treated soils and subjected to light grazing（LG）,moderate grazing（MG）,or heavy grazing（HG）.Our analyses showed that growth and powdery mildew incidence in E.sibiricus was influenced by grazing and AM fungal colonization.Powdery mildew incidence varied among grazing intensities and soil treatments.Compared with the intensity in LG,in MG and HG,E.sibiricus had a lower powdery mildew incidence and higher total dry weight,total P content,and photosynthetic rate.The rate of powdery mildew was the highest（59.83%）in plants on soil without any treatment and the lowest（44.73%）in plants on sterilized soil.The rate of E.sibiricus powdery mildew disease decreased 13.15%and total plant dry weight increased by 56.46%after inoculation with AM fungi compared with no treatment.Grazing intensities and soil treatments had interaction effects on total P content,chlorophyll content,and PPO activity.

关 键 词：放牧强度 AM真菌 逆境胁迫 老芒麦 白粉病 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S54[农业科学—植物保护]