2016年天津市饮水型氟中毒防治效果调查研究  

Investigation on the drinking-water-born endemic fluorosis in Tianjin in 2016

作　　者：崔玉山[1] 刘忠慧[1] 李文凤[1] 王洋[1] 侯常春[1] CUI Yu-shan;LIU Zhong-hui;LI Wen-feng;WANG Yang;HOU Chang-chun(Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011 , China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心,天津300011

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2017年第11期814-818,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：天津市卫生计生委科技项目(14KY120;2014KR11);天津市疾病预防控制中心科技基金(CDCKY1501)

摘　　要：目的了解天津市饮水型氟中毒病区的水氟现状、改水进度、工程运行情况及防治效果,为进一步改水降氟提供科学依据。方法在天津市全部涉农区的1/3乡镇中的饮水型氟中毒病区村开展饮用水氟含量、改水情况和8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病调查。结果 2016年共调查天津市733个饮水型氟中毒病区村,改水率为71.76%(526/733),改水村中水氟合格村占60.46%(318/526);工程正常运转且水氟合格的占56.48%(109/193),停用和报废率为12.44%(24/193)。共检查47 117名8~12岁儿童,氟斑牙患病率为40.85%,不同改水方式地区氟斑牙患病率不同,集中连片管网和市政管网改水方式覆盖地区的儿童氟斑牙患病率较低。结论天津市改水降氟防治饮水型氟中毒颇有成效,尤其是集中连片管网和市政管网改水方式覆盖地区效果显著,但受高氟危害的病区依然存在,防治形势依然严峻。Objective To understand the current status of water fluoride,water-improving progress and the performance of defluoridation project in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Tianjin,and to provide a scientific basis for defluoridation of drinking water. Methods An investigation was conducted in 1/3 of rural endemic fluorosis areas in Tianjin by measuring the water fluoride,evaluating the performance of water-improving defluoridation project and examining the dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years. Results In2016,a total of 733 villages in drinking water endemic fluorosis areas were investigated with the overall water improving rate of 71.76%（526/733）in which 60.46%（318/526）villages had qualified water fluoride content.Water-improving project was run well in 56.48%（109/193）of villages and was terminated in 12.44%（24/193）of villages.A total of 47 117 children aged 8 to 12 years were examined for dental fluorosis and the overall incidence was 40.85% with the lowest in areas covered by rural centralized water supply and municipal water supply. Conclusions The control and prevention for drinking-water-born endemic fluorosis is quite effective in reducing the content of fluoride in water,especially in areas with rural centralized water supply and municipal water supply.However,endemic areas affected by high fluoride still exist.

关 键 词：饮用水 饮水型氟中毒 改水率 降氟改水工程 氟斑牙 患病率 改水方式 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]