专利制度演进的历史解读  

Historical Analysis of the Evolution of Patent System

作　　者：刘磊[1] LIU Lei(Law School, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《内蒙古大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第6期92-97,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：专利制度迄今为止六百多年的发展过程大致可分为三个阶段,即专利制度的萌芽阶段、近代专利制度的形成阶段及专利制度的垄断与自由博弈阶段。某个时期专利制度内容的选择是与其所处的历史背景和其时盛行的理论依据密切相关的,而且专利制度的前后变化也是存在必然联系的。专利制度萌芽阶段与欧洲中世纪的社会历史经济背景密切相关。近代专利制度形成阶段深受自然权利兴起和功利主义系统化两种理论的影响。专利制度垄断与自由竞争博弈阶段,亚当·斯密和李嘉图的理论形成了博弈的理论根源,而各国关于垄断与自由竞争的功利主义分歧则对专利权保护发生着影响。当前,正值我国《专利法》第四次修改之际,有必要从历史法学角度对一些热点问题重新审视。More than 600 years of development of the patent system can be roughly divided into three periods： the beginning period,the formation period of modern patent system and the period of monopoly and free game. The content of patent system at a specific historical period is in accordance with the social background and prevailing social theory,and the connection between the patent systems of different periods is inherent. The beginning period of patent system had close connection with the social and economic background of the Middle Ages. The formation period of modern patent system was influenced by the theories of natural rights and utilitarianism. The theories of Adam Smith and David Ricardo provide the theoretical resources for the patent system in the period of monopoly and free game,and the divergence between different countries regarding monopoly and competition have profound influence on the protection of patent. Currently,Patent Law in China is experiencing the fourth amendment. It would be helpful to make analysis of the evolution of patent system from the aspect of historical jurisprudence.

关 键 词：专利制度 历史 垄断 竞争 

分 类 号：DF523.2[政治法律—民商法学]