解淀粉芽孢杆菌gfj-4发酵上清液及其混剂对玉米纹枯病菌的抑制活性  

Inhibitory activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens gfj-4 fermentation supernatant and its association with chemical fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani

作　　者：段海明 程红 余利 黄伟东 余海兵 

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2017年第6期1249-1256,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：安徽省教育厅重点项目(KJ2015A238;KJ2017A512);校引进人才项目(ZRC2012326);植物保护重点学科经费项目(AKZDXK2015C04);国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(201710879070)

摘　　要：为探究解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)gfj-4发酵上清液及其与化学杀菌剂的混配剂对玉米纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的抑制活性以及发酵上清液对温度和紫外线的稳定性,采用菌丝生长速率法对发酵上清液和新型混剂的抑菌活性进行了测定。结果表明,当解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵上清液的浓度从40.0μl/ml增至100.0μl/ml时发酵上清液对玉米纹枯病菌的抑制率从40.6%增至84.9%,发酵上清液对玉米纹枯病菌的有效中浓度(EC50)为50.7μl/ml(R2=0.95)。发酵上清液的抑菌活性在60℃以下基本保持稳定,但经80℃以上温度处理后抑菌活性物质部分发生热分解,121℃高温高压处理15 min后其抑菌活性下降至61.4%;随着紫外线照射时间的增加,发酵上清液对病菌的抑制活性逐渐下降,紫外线照射时间为30 min时其对玉米纹枯病菌的抑制活性降至74.3%,但30 min后下降速率趋缓。发酵上清液对化学杀菌剂氟吡菌胺具有普遍的增效作用,其中以2∶8(发酵上清液与化学杀菌剂的体积比)的比例混配毒性比率最高,为1.34;发酵上清液与苯醚甲环唑以6∶4、7∶3和8∶2混配表现为增效作用,其余则表现为相加作用;发酵上清液与戊唑醇混配表现为相加作用;发酵上清液与咪鲜胺、腈菌唑混配部分配比表现为相加作用,部分配比则表现为拮抗作用。然而,发酵上清液与三唑酮、丙森锌、福美双混配则主要表现为拮抗作用。This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens gfj-4 fermentation supernatant and its mixture with chemical fungicide on Rhizoctonia solani and the stability of fermentation supernatant on temperature and ultraviolet. The antifungal activity of the fermentation supernatant and the new mixture were determined by mycelium growth rate method. When the concentration of fermentation supernatant of B. amyloliquefaciens increasing from 40. 0 μl/ml to 100. 0 μl/ml,the inhibition rate was between 40. 6% and 84. 9%,and the EC50(median effective concentration) of the fermentation supernatant was 50. 7 μl/ml for R. solani(R2= 0. 95). The antifungal activity of the fermentation supernatant remained stable below 60 ℃,but it began to degrade at high temperature after 80 ℃. When the fermentation supernatant was sterilized at121 ℃ for 15 min,its antifungal activity decreased to 61.4%. With the increase of ultraviolet irradiation time,the inhibitory activity of the fermentation supernatant was decreased gradually,and the inhibition activity of the supernatant was reduced to74.3% when the ultraviolet irradiation time was 30 min,but the rate of decline after 30 min slowed down. The fermentation supernatant of B. amyloliquefaciens gfj-4 had an universal synergistic effect on flutamide,with a ratio of 2 ∶ 8 to the highest toxicity ratio of 1.34. The supernatant of fermentation mixed with difenoconazole at 6 ∶ 4,7 ∶ 3 and 8 ∶ 2 showed synergistic effect,and the rest showed additive effect. The mixture of fermentation supernatant and tebuconazole performed with the additive effect. While the mixture of the fermentation supernatant with prochloraz and myclobutanil showed differentiation,part of the ratio showed to be additive,and the other part showed antagonistic effect. The fermentation supernatant had antagonistic effects on triadimefon,propineb and thiram.

关 键 词：解淀粉芽孢杆菌 玉米纹枯病菌 发酵上清液 化学杀菌剂 混配 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]