明代告祭仪略论  

On the Informing Sacrificial Rites of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院

出　　处：《古代文明》2018年第1期114-120,共7页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"中国礼制变迁与现代价值研究"(项目批号:12&ZD134)阶段性成果

摘　　要：明代告祭仪式是国家祭祀仪式的重要组成部分。广义上说,告祭仪式可分为常规与非常规两种。前者在正祭仪式之前或之后举行,是常规祭仪的一个环节;后者因时因事而举,内容更为丰富,主要包括因新皇帝登极,出征与凯还,营建与修缮,建制与改制,藩王之国,册封,奉安神主与祔庙,节庆与忌辰,禳灾与告谢而举行的祭祀仪式。告祭的方式有皇帝亲祭与遣官告祭两种,以明代登极告祭仪为例,可见其从亲祭到遣官的变化体现了不同的政治象征意义。明代告祭仪式的基本内涵是"告诉"与"祈禳",每种告祭仪式的涵义又常常是复合的,应配合其他典礼仪式,理解其象征意义。Gaoji( 告祭), the sacrificial rites to inform a deity about actions to take place, is an important part of the state sacrificial rites in the Ming Dynasty. In a broad sense, it can be divided into two categories: regular and irregular. The former as a particular step of a regular sacrificial rites would be held before or after the core ceremony. The latter, on the other hand, would be held independently in occasion such as a new emperor ascending the throne, an expedition to take place, a triumphant return, starting a major construction or reparation, a new institution established, a prince moving to his manor, conferring a title to a nobility, placing memorial tablet into the ancestral temple, a date of festival or anniversary, praying to avert a disaster or show thanks to a deity. This kind of sacrificial practice could be given by the emperor in person or by a particularly appointed officer, while the two ways contained different political symbolic meanings.

关 键 词：明代 告祭 仪式 

分 类 号：K892.9[历史地理—民俗学]