报刊和微博中老年人身份建构差异研究  

A Study on Different Identity Construction of Older People between Newspaper and Weibo

作　　者：刘文宇[1] 李珂[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学外国语学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2017年第6期71-80,共10页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：2015年国家社会科学基金一般项目"基于批评话语分析的网络语言暴力研究"(项目编号:15BYY057)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：当今媒体对于老年人的报道立场褒贬不一,老年群体的媒介形象由此呈现出多样化趋势。本研究以社会认知视角下的批评性话语分析为主要方法,融合集体身份建构与话语策略理论,分别从微观话语结构、中观话语策略以及宏观社会语境来研究老年人身份建构。借助质性分析软件NVivo,分析探讨老年人社会身份在我国主流报刊与微博中的话语建构差异。研究发现:(1)报刊与微博文本生产者皆通过构建不同类型心智模型突出针对老年群体的极化意识形态;(2)针对老年人议题,报刊和微博采取不同的话语策略和报道框架构建"老年人"身份。报刊中多用"积极参与"、"奉献服务"、"宝刀未老"等正面视角化叙事框架策略;而微博则主要选取"晚年拮据"、"为老不尊"、"以怨报德"负面视角化叙事框架与述谓策略操纵话语,塑造"老年人"身份;(3)与报刊相比,微博多元化的话语特点塑造了更加多样化的"老年人"身份;(4)老年群体与年轻群体间的不平等权力关系、各类媒介传达的消极刻板印象是影响老年人身份概念化建构过程的两个最突出社会因素。Current news media coverage of "older people"induces a diversification of the group images.Under the guidance of sociocognitive discourse analysis,integrated with "collective identity "construction theory and discursive strategies,facilitated by NVivo,the present study attempts to analyze the discourse structures at micro-level,discursive strategies at meso-level and macro social context to investigate howthe identity of "older people"is constructed differently through discourse structures and discursive strategies by newspapers and Weibo.The results reveal that:(1)Newspapers and Weibo producers highlight the polarization ideology of "older people"by constructing different types of mental models.(2) Newspapers and Weibo present different features on the discursive strategies and reporting frameworks of "older people".The positive narrative frameworks of "active participation","dedication"and "old but still vigorous"are commonly used in newspapers,whilst the negative narrative frameworks of "old and poor","the old showing misbehaviors"、"returning evil for good"in Weibo.The findings suggest that more diversified identities of the elderly are created because of the unique characteristics of Weibo discourse.The unequal power relations between the older and the younger,the negative stereotypes conveyed by all kinds of medias are the two most prominent social factors which affect the conceptualization of "older people"identity construction.

关 键 词：批评性话语分析 身份建构 话语结构 话语策略 媒体 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]