回归崖柏苗木存活和生长对海拔梯度的响应  

Responses of Survival and Growth of Thuja sutchuenensis Reintroduction Seedlings to Altitude Gradient

作　　者：简尊吉 马凡强[1] 郭泉水[1] 裴顺祥[2] 秦爱丽[1] 肖文发[1] 赵志禄 Jian Zunji;Ma Fanqiang;Guo Quanshui;Pei Shunxiang;Qin Aili;Xiao Wenfa;Zhao Zhilu(Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration Beijing 100091;Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 102300;Forest Bureau of Kaixian Countr in Choneaine Choneoin~, 404500)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心,北京102300 [3]重庆市开县林业局,重庆404500

出　　处：《林业科学》2017年第11期1-11,共11页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业局野生动植物保护专项(2130211-15,2130211-17);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFRIFEEP201401);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31400474);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503103)

摘　　要：【目的】研究回归崖柏苗木存活和生长对海拔梯度的响应,为崖柏回归区域选择及引种栽培提供科学依据。【方法】在重庆市雪宝山自然保护区及周边区域海拔178(白鹤),1 360(营盘)和2 250 m(车场坝)处布设试验地。采用1.5年生崖柏实生容器苗作为供试苗木。在各试验地架设1台气温和土温自动监测仪,并逐月调查苗木存活率、苗高和地径。苗木生长结束后,随机抽取部分植株,测定表型生长性状及地上和地下部分鲜、干质量;同时,采集土样,测定土壤理化性质。在此基础上,对崖柏苗木存活和生长与环境因子进行灰色关联分析。【结果】在研究区域内,海拔每升高100 m,空气和土壤年均温分别下降0.6和0.5℃,≥10℃年积温分别减少205.3和171.7℃;随海拔升高,土壤密度、p H值、速效磷含量降低,其他土壤指标(毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、毛管持水量、田间持水量、最大持水量、有机质含量、全氮含量、速效氮含量和速效钾含量)增加;中海拔(营盘试验地)苗木存活率最高(100%),低海拔(白鹤试验地)次之(94%),高海拔(车场坝试验地)最低(36%);苗木出现死亡的时间为3—4月,高海拔试验地苗木死亡高峰期为5—8月,低海拔试验地为7—9月份;除最长一级侧枝长和一级侧根数表现为中海拔>低海拔>高海拔外,其他表型生长指标和苗木鲜、干质量均表现为低海拔>中海拔>高海拔,且不同试验地间差异显著(P<0.05);回归崖柏苗木存活和生长受多种环境因子影响,关联度较大的是空气和土壤温度,其次是土壤p H值,再次为土壤密度,其他土壤理化指标的关联度较小。【结论】海拔梯度造成的温度、水分和土壤肥力异质性对回归崖柏苗木的存活和生长有极大影响;过低的气温和土温以及土壤长期积水对高海拔区域回归崖柏苗木的存活和生长起到了制约作用;中、低海拔的环境条件可以满足回归崖柏苗�【Objective】 The responses of the Thuja sutchuenensis seedling survival and growth to altitude gradient were studied to provide scientific basis for regional selection of reintroduction and expanding cultivation of T. sutchuenensis in the future.【Method】The experimental plots were located at altitudes of 178（ Baize）,1 360,（ Yangban） and 2 250 m（ Chethana） in the Xuebaoshan Nature Reserve of Chongqing Municipality and the surrounding area. The seedlings used in the experiment were 1. 5 years old container-raised seedlings. After seedlings were reintroduced,air temperature and soil temperature in each plot were monitored using an automatic monitoring instrument; survival rate,height and ground diameter of the seedlings were monthly measured. The seedlings were randomly sampled from different experimental plots after growing season to measure their phenotypic traits,fresh mass and dry mass. At the same time,the soil samples were collected to measure their physical and chemical properties. On the basis of these,gray relation analysis（ GRA） was applied to quantify the correlation between survival rate,growth and environmental factors.【Result】In the study area,when altitude increases 100 m,the mean annual air and soil temperature respectively decreased by 0. 6 and 0. 5 ℃,and≥10 ℃ air and soil accumulated temperature respectively decreased by 205. 3 and 171. 7 ℃. Soil density,p H value and available phosphorus gradually decreased with increasing altitude,while other soil indicators（ capillary porosity,total porosity,capillary water capacity,non-capillary water capacity,maximum water capacity,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium） increased. The survival rate of seedlings of middle altitude（ Yingpan plot） was the highest（ 100%）,followed by the low altitude（ Baihe plot,94%）,the lowest survival rate was found at the high altitude（ Chechangba plot,36%）. Seedlings began to die during March to April. The peak of seedling mortality in high al

关 键 词：海拔梯度 崖柏苗木 存活率 生长特征 灰色关联分析 响应 回归 

分 类 号：S718.45[农业科学—林学] S791.37