中国东部陆海表面温差对夏季水汽输送及降水空间分布的影响  

THE INFLUENCE OF LAND AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE ON WATER VAPOR TRANSPORT AND PRECIPITATION SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN SUMMER OF EAST CHINA

作　　者：赵阳[1,2] 王宇虹[3] 黄武斌[4] 黄玉霞[4] 秦华[5] ZHAO Yang;WANG Yu-hong;HUANG Wu-bin;HUANG Yu-xia;QIN Min-hua(State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;Service Center of Public Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, China;Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education （KLME）/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change （ILCEC）/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters （CIC-FEMD）, Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044 [3]中国气象局公共气象服务中心,北京100081 [4]兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730020 [5]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2017年第6期822-830,共9页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：江苏省研究生培养创新计划(KYCX17_0869);甘肃省气象局重点项目GSMAZd2017-06;甘肃省气象局关键技术攻关创新团队项目(GSQXCXTD-2017-01)共同资助;中国气象局预报预测核心业务发展专项(CMAHX20160214);江苏省研究生创新培养计划(1344051701002)

摘　　要：基于1981—2010年ERA Interim再分析资料以及中国区域30年日降水量资料,采用相关关系计算方法,研究夏季中国东部陆海表面温差与夏季整层水汽输送以及春夏东亚温度高响应区的相关关系。研究结果表明:中国东部区域夏季各月(6、7、8月)陆海表面温差与夏季各月降水量存在西北-华北与江南-华南两个高相关区域,且滑动相关系数在30年间一直处于显著状态;夏季中国东部陆海表面温差自1990年代开始呈现波动式上升趋势;陆海温差异常高低值年水汽通量距平场输送通道存在明显差异,陆海温差高值年,水汽主要来自中国东北地区向南的水汽输送以及中国东部海域水汽向西的水汽流,并且两股水汽距平场在华南地区汇合后继续向南输送,陆海温差低值年,水汽通量距平输送主要来自中国东部海域,向西传输到达中国中东部后分别向南北两个方向输送;夏季中国东部陆海表面温差与夏季整层水汽通量在中国华北区域存在负位相相关关系,证明了中国东部陆海温差越高,经向水汽通量向南输送就会越强,所对应的蒙古区域、孟加拉湾区域表面温度就会越高,形成一个"高-强-高"的温差-水汽通量-温度相互响应现象,夏季中国东部陆海表面温差与春季中国整个海岸沿线表面温度有明显的相关关系,春季海岸沿线表面温度对夏季中国大陆水汽输送有一定预测作用。Using 1981--2010 ERA Interim analysis and 30 years of daily rainfall data in the region of China, this study, with correlation calculation method, studied the correlation of the temperature difference between land surface and ocean surface （TD） with column vapor transport flux and East Asia areas of high temperature response. The results showed that the TD and precipitation in the summer months have two high correction areas, one in the Northwest and North China and the other in the South China and south of the Yangtze River, and it is always in a significant state in the years of 1981--2010. In summer, TD has been present from the 1990s up to now with increasing trends. Large differences exist in anomalously low and high vapor transport flux anomaly, and in the years of large differences, vapor mainly comes from two converging flows, from the northeast China to the south and from the eastern ocean to the west, and in the years of small differences, vapor transport flux anomaly comes from the ocean east off China to the middle and eastern China before flowing towards the north and south respectively. In summer, TD and vapor transport flux show a negative phase related area, and that vapor transport flux and East Asia temperature have two negative phase related areas. This proves that the larger TD, the greater the column vapor transport flux in the meridional direction, and the bigger the temperature with two high correction areas. A ＂high-strong-high＂ temperature-vapor flux-temperature response to each other is formed. The correlation between sea surface temperature difference in summer and temperature along the coast＇s surface is obvious. The water vapor transport in summer can be predicted to some degree by surface temperature along the coast in spring.

关 键 词：陆海表面温差 相关关系 整层水汽通量 “高-强-高”响应现象 

分 类 号：P434.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]