航天员在轨飞行任务前后的警觉度变化及节律特征分析  

Analysis of Alertness and Diumal Rhythms in Astronauts before and after An Orbital Mission

作　　者：马欢 刘至臻 田雨[2] 王佩亮 黄伟芬[2] 陈晓萍[2] 王春慧[2] 陈善广[2,3] 郭金虎 Ma Huan;Liu Zhizhen;Tian Yu;Wang Peiliang;Huang Weifen;Chen Xiaoping;Wang Chunhui;Chen Shanguang;Guo Jinhu

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510006 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心人因工程重点实验室,北京100094 [3]中国载人航天工程办公室,北京100720

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2017年第6期391-395,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划973项目(2011CB711000);中国航天员科研训练中心飞天基金项目(FTKY201505);国家自然科学基金面上项目(157120578)

摘　　要：目的分析某次在轨飞行任务前后航天员警觉度及昼夜节律的变化情况,研究在轨飞行任务对航天员认知和节律的影响。方法采用心理运动警觉性任务(psychomotor vigilance task,PVT)方法对3名航天员某次在轨飞行任务前和返回后的警觉度进行测试。结果与飞行前第一次PVT结果相比,有2名航天员在飞行后有较大改变,其中第一名航天员PVT均值在飞行后降低,而第三名升高。第二名航天员的PVT均值在飞行前后无明显改变。本研究还对PVT的节律特征进行初步分析,发现不同航天员在飞行前后都发生了变化,且变化趋势有所不同。这些数据提示不同航天员警觉度及其节律特征的变化趋势在飞行前后可能存在个体差异。结论在轨飞行对人心理和认知能力的节律具有一定影响,且这种影响具有个体差异性。Objective To analyze the changes in alertness and diumal rhythms of astronauts before and after a space mission,and investigate the impacts of orbital flight on the cognition and rhythmicity. Methods The alertness changes in three astronauts were detected with psychomotor vigilance task（PVT） before and after orbital flight. Results As compared with the data derived before flight,the PVT data of two astronauts after flight showed significant differences. The mean PVT value of the first astronaut decreased while the third increased.The mean PVT value of the second astronaut showed no difference before and after flight. These data suggested an individual difference in alertness changes due to the space mission. The changes of PVT data in diumal rhythm parameters were analyzed,which showed different alteration amongst the subjects before,during and after the mission. Conclusion Orbital flight may impose influence on the rhythms of cognitive performance and its diumal rhythimicity,and the influence also displays individual difference.

关 键 词：在轨飞行 警觉度 昼夜节律 作业能力 

分 类 号：R857.1[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]