独生子女因素与小学生体质量指数和体脂肪含量关系的随访研究  

Impact of one-child on body mass index and percentage of body fat in primary school students: a longitudinal study

作　　者：徐仁应[1,2] 周一泉 李云[3] 张晓敏 陈之琦[1] 陆丽萍[1] 万燕萍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院临床营养科,上海200127 [2]上海市小儿消化与营养重点实验室,上海200092 [3]华北理工大学公共卫生学院,唐山063210

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（医学版）》2017年第12期1691-1694,共4页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University:Medical Science

基　　金：上海市浦东新区卫生和计划生育委员会卫生科技联合攻关项目(PW2016D-05)~~

摘　　要：目的·观察独生子女因素对小学生体质量指数(BMI)和体脂肪含量的影响。方法·2013年对上海市浦东新区高行镇5所小学进行调查,采集小学生身高、体质量和体脂肪含量作为基线数据,并于2014和2015年重复测量。出生体质量、母乳喂养、学生饮食、运动情况、父母教育程度及父母身高、体质量资料依据问卷调查表。体脂肪含量采用生物电阻抗法进行评估。采用Logistic回归和Mix模型评估独生子女因素与BMI和体脂肪含量的关系。结果·2 515名小学生(男生1 323名,女生1 192名)纳入研究,独生子女比例为72.0%(1 812/2 515)。与非独生子女相比,独生子女BMI-Z值高、运动时间多、父母教育程度高,但母乳喂养率低;独生子女母亲BMI也明显高于非独生子女的母亲。Logistic回归结果显示男孩(与女孩比较)、父母超重(与父母体质量正常比较)和巨大儿(与正常出生体质量比较)是超重发生的危险因素;独生子女与否不增加超重的发生风险(OR=1.119,95%CI为0.911~1.374)。在控制基线年龄、性别、出生体质量、喂养方式、膳食和运动因素后,与非独生子女比较,独生子女学生每年BMI(β=0.028,95%CI为-0.045~0.100)、BMI-Z(β=0.002,95%CI为-0.034~0.037)和体脂肪含量(β=0.013,95%CI为-0.181~0.207)增长率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论·独生子女因素对小学生BMI、BMI-Z和体脂肪含量未产生明显影响。Objective·To evaluate the impact of one-child on body mass index （BMI）, and percentage of body fat in primary school students. Methods·All the sample was recruited from 5 elementary schools in Gaohang Town, Shanghai, China. The baseline data of height, body weight, and percentage of body fat was obtained in 2013, and re-measured in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Birth weight, breast feeding, diet and time for physical activities of each children and the highest education level, height, and body weight of their parents were also collected by a self-completed questionnaire. Logistic regression and Mix model was used to analyze the relationship between one-child and BMI, BMI-Z score, and percentage of body fat. Results·A total number of 2515 （1323 boys and 1192 girls） primary school students completed the study and entered the analysis. The percent of one child in this study population was 72.0% （1812/2515）. BMI-Z score, time for physical activities, parental education level, and maternal BMI were higher, while the rate of breast feeding was lower in one-child group compared to non-one-child group. The results of Logistic regression showed boys （compared to girls）, macrosomia （ ≥4000g vs normal birth weight）, overweight father and mother （compared to normal BMI） were risk factors for overweight. The factor of one-child didn＆#39;t increase the risk of overweight （OR=1.119, 95% CI 0.911-1.374）. After potential con-founders adjusted, the annual increase of BMI （β=0.028, 95% CI -0.045-0.100）, BMI-Z score （β=0.002, 95%CI -0.034-0.037） and percentage of body fat （β=0.013, 95% CI -0.181-0.207） showed no obvious difference between the two groups. Conclusion·One-child factor showed no obvious relationship with BMI, BMI-Z score and percentage of body fat in primary school students.

关 键 词：独生子女 超重 体质量指数 体脂肪含量 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]