规模经营行为、外部性和农业环境效率——基于西部两省770户微观数据的实证检验  

Scale Operation Behavior, Externalities and the Efficiency of Agricultural Environment

作　　者：姚增福[1] 唐华俊[2] 刘欣[1] Yao Zengfu1;Tang Huajun2;Liu Xin3

机构地区：[1]桂林航天工业学院 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与区划研究所

出　　处：《财经科学》2017年第12期69-83,共15页Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"西部农户农业环境效率;要素配置效率及其提升机制研究"(15BGL131)

摘　　要：本文以甘肃和广西两省(区)770户微观数据为样本,利用二阶段最小二乘法(2SLS),从行为动机、要素投入和要素配置等三个方面,实证检验了不同规模组农户规模经营行为对环境的外部性影响。结果表明:(1)农户规模经营行为动机没有必然导致环境效率的下降,相反对环境产生了显著的正外部性;(2)在不同规模组中农业成本投入对环境造成了显著的负外部性。其中,资本的数量和质量投入均对环境产生了显著正外部性,而劳动的数量和质量投入只在小规模组和大规模组中对环境产生了显著负外部性。劳动数量和质量规模投入是造成农业环境效率下降的主要因素;(3)在小规模组和大规模组中,要素结构与农业环境效率间的作用效应均呈现显著的正"U"型非线性特征,但要素结构升级对环境的正外部性整体显著;(4)农户个体特征对农户环境保护行为有积极的影响,产生了显著的禀赋效应。Based on 770 farmers survey data in Gansu and Guangxi provinces, this paper uses 2SLS to empirically test the impact farmers scale operation behavior on environmental externalities in different scale groups from three aspects of behavioral motivation, elements input and elements configuration. The empirical research shows that： 1） Farmers scale operation behavioral motivation is not necessarily led to a decline agricultural environment efficiency, on the con- trary it has significant positive externalities on agricultural environment efficiency. 2） Agricultural costs caused signifi- cant negative externalities to agricultural environment efficiency in different scale groups. Input of quantity and quali- ty in capital has significant positive externalities on agricultural environment efficiency, and Input of quantity and qual- ity in labor has significant negative externalities on agricultural environment efficiency in small and large-scale groups. Scale input of quality and quantity in labor is the main factor resulting in agricultural environment efficiency decreased. 3） the effect between element structure and agricultural environment efficiency present significant U-shape nonlinear characteristics in small and large-scale groups. But the upgrading of elements structure has significantly posi- tive externalities to agricultural environment efficiency. 4） Farmer＇ s individual characteristics has positive impact on environmental protection behavior and makes a significant endowment effect.

关 键 词：农户 规模经营行为 外部性 农业环境效率 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]