中山地区住院患者RhD阴性血型分布特点与输血安全的临床研究  

Clinical study on RhD negative blood type distribution and blood transfusion safety in inpatients of Zhongshan region

作　　者：林淼雄 顾向明[1] 彭明[1] 吴为强[1] 杜国有[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省中山市中医院输血与检验科,广东中山528400

出　　处：《中国现代医生》2017年第34期88-90,94,共4页China Modern Doctor

摘　　要：目的通过对中山市某三甲医院Rh D阴性住院患者血型分布特点和用血情况进行调查分析,指导Rh D阴性血液库存管理,保障Rh D阴性患者临床输血安全。方法对本院2012年1月~2016年11月住院患者ABO及Rh D血型资料进行统计分析。结果 221 051例住院患者ABO血型分布特点为O>B>A>AB,男女间ABO血型分布有统计学差异(P=0.004);检出Rh D阴性患者511例,占0.231%,其中A、B、AB、O型患者Rh D阴性检出率分别为0.060%、0.060%、0.026%、0.087%,分布特点为O>A=B>AB。Rh D阴性在ABO血型系统中的分布存在男女性别差异,Rh D阴性血型在男性为O>A>B>AB,女性为O>B>A>AB。221 051例住院患者中有13 983例输血患者,输血患者血型分布特点为O>B>A>AB,Rh D阴性输血患者有34例,占0.243%,其血型分布特点为O>B>A>AB。结论Rh D阴性血型住院患者和输血患者ABO血型分布特征基本一致,有利于当地血站对Rh D阴性血液采集和储备。Rh D阴性住院患者和输血患者占有一定比例,输血科应加强Rh D阴性血液的库存管理,与血站做好协同合作,合理调配血液资源。Objective To guide RhD-negative blood inventory management and ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion in RhD negative patients by analyzing the distribution of blood type and blood use status of RhD-negative inpatients in a top-three hospital in Zhongshan City. Methods The data of ABO and RhD inpatients from January 2012 to November 2016 in our hospital were statistically analyzed. Results The distribution characteristics of ABO blood type in 221 051 inpatients was O〉B〉A〉AB. There was a statistically significant difference in ABO blood group distri- bution between male and female patients（P=0.004）. 511 cases were detected with negative RhD, accounting for 0.231% The detection rates of types of A,B,AB,O patients with RhD negative type were 0.060%, 0.060%, 0.026% and 0.087%, respectively. The distribution characteristics of RhD negative type were O〉A=B〉AB.There was gender difference between men and women in the distribution of RhD negative blood group ABO system, with O〉A〉B〉AB in men, O〉B〉A〉 AB in women. Among 221 051 hospitalized patients, there were 13 983 patients with blood transfusions. The distribution characteristics of blood transfusion patients was O〉B〉A〉AB. There were 34 cases of RhD negative transfusion patients, accounting for 0.243%, and the distribution characteristics was O〉B〉A〉AB. Conclusion The distribution characteristics of ABO blood group in RhD-negative inpatients and transfusion patients are basically the same, which is beneficial to the collection and reserve of RhD-negative blood in local blood stations. RhD negative patients and transfusion patients account for a certain proportion. Blood transfusion departments should strengthen the inventory management of RhD-negative blood, make concerted cooperation with blood stations, and distribute blood resources rationally.

关 键 词：ABO血型 RHD阴性血型 血型分布 库存管理 输血安全 

分 类 号：R446.1[医药卫生—诊断学]