个体冲动性对物质滥用与成瘾的影响及脑机制  

The effect and brain mechanism of individual impulsivity on drug abuse and addiction

作　　者：王志燕 崔彩莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学神经科学研究所/北京大学基础医学院神经生物学系,国家卫计委和教育部重点实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2017年第12期2063-2074,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81471353);国家重大科学研究计划(973计划)项目(2015CB553500)资助

摘　　要：冲动性是一多维的概念,一般指个体缺乏足够预见性或对自身的行为结果缺乏考虑和判断。个体冲动性和物质滥用与成瘾之间存在双重关系,即个体特质冲动性是物质滥用与成瘾的重要危险因素,而滥用成瘾性物质又会进一步损害个体的冲动控制功能。本文将论述个体冲动性和物质滥用与成瘾之间的相关性及冲动性增加潜在的神经机制。了解个体的冲动特质和物质滥用与成瘾者冲动性的改变,研究物质滥用与成瘾者冲动障碍的神经生物学机制,不仅有助于我们揭示物质滥用与成瘾的发生、发展,以及脱毒后复发的脑机制,而且有助于我们探索药物疗法以外的行为干预手段。Impulsivity is a multidimensional concept, which is generally defined as lack of foresight or consideration and judgment of actions. There is a double relationship between impulsivity and substance abuse, namely that trait impulsivity is an important risk factor for substance abuse and addiction, and the individual impulsivity could be damaged by abusing the addictive substances. The relationship between impulsivity and substance abuse, as well as its underlying neural mechanisms will be discussed in this review. Reorganization of previous research literatures on the trait-like impulsivity, or its alteration caused by substance abuse, and understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms implicated in this process, not only help us reveal the nature of occurrence, development and recurrence of substance abuse after abstinence, but also help us explore the behavioral intervention means other than drug therapies.

关 键 词：物质成瘾 抉择冲动性 运动冲动性 

分 类 号：B845[哲学宗教—心理学]