栽插方式和施钾量对杂交籼稻抗倒伏能力的影响  

Effects of Transplanting Methods and Potassium Rates on Lodging Resistance of Hybrid Rice

作　　者：孙加威 李娜[1] 王春雨[1] 赵建红[1,3] 张绍文 蒋明金[1] 孙永健[1] 马均[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]成都市农业技术推广总站,四川成都610041 [3]富顺县农牧业局,四川富顺643200

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第12期2408-2417,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点项目(16ZA0044);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014NZ0041;2014NZ0047);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300506)

摘　　要：为研究栽插方式和施钾量对杂交籼稻抗倒伏能力的影响,本研究以F优498为材料,对比机插秧(T1)和手插秧(T2)条件下,不同钾肥水平0(K0)、60(K1)、120(K2)、180(K3)和240 kg·hm^(-2)(K4)对杂交籼稻节间理化形状、抗倒伏能力、籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,手插稻籽粒产量较机插稻高3.21%,机插稻籽粒产量较低的主要原因是穗粒数偏低、总颖花量不足。钾肥水平对机插稻籽粒产量影响显著,对手插稻籽粒产量影响不显著,施钾量为120 kg·hm^(-2)时机插稻籽粒产量及经济效益最佳;机插稻倒伏指数显著高于手插稻,主要原因在于机插稻基部节间茎粗、干物质充实度、扁平率、钾含量、纤维含量均低于手插稻,导致手插稻基部节间折断弯矩显著高于机插稻;在施钾量为240 kg·hm^(-2)时,手插稻各基部节间倒伏指数最低。过高或过低的施钾量均不利于机插稻抗倒伏,施钾量为120 kg·hm^(-2)时,机插稻各基部节间倒伏指数最低;施钾量为240 kg·hm^(-2)时能显著提高手插稻基部节间茎鞘密度,降低基部节间总长、穗下2节总长、株高,降低基部节间弯曲力矩并增加折断弯矩,从而改善其抗倒伏性。机插稻可在较低施钾量(120 kg·hm^(-2))下达到有效提高茎鞘密度、干物质充实度、纤维素和木质素含量,增强各基部节间折断弯矩并降低倒伏指数的目的。本研究为机插稻和手插稻合理的钾肥施用提供了理论参考。To investigate the effects of transplanting methods and potassium （P） application rate on hybrid indica rice lodging resistance ability, hybrid indica rice Fyou 498 was selected as experimental cultivar treated with 5 levels of P application rates （0 kg·hm^-2, 60 kg·hm^-2, 120 kg·hm^-2, 180 kg·hm^-2, 240 kg·hm^-2） conducting under mechanized transplanting （T,） and artificial transplanting （T2）. The results showed that the grain yield of T2 was 3.21% higher than that of T1 , whose spikelet number per panicle was less, resulting in inadequate total spikelets. No evidence was confirm that P rate could affect the grain yield of T2 , while P rate significantly influenced the grain yield of TI indeed. Treated with P rate of 120 kg· hm^-2, mechanized transplanting rice achieved the maximum yield and economic benefits. The basal internode stem diameter, substantial degree, flat ratio, P content, and fiber content of stem and sheath of mechanized transplanting rice were less than those of artificial one, resulting in larger breaking moments, which had the greatest contribution to the higher lodging index of mechanized transplanting rice. Artificial transplanting rice maintained the least lodging index with P rate of 240 kg· hm^-2. Mechanized transplanting rice minimized the lodging risk with 120 kg·hm^-2 prate, more or less P input aggravated the lodging risk. The P rate of 240 kg· hm^-2 increased the basal internode density of artificial transplanting rice, while decreased their total basal internode length, total length of the two internode below panicle and plant height. These features decreased the bending moment and enhanced the breaking moments of the basal internode, improving the lodging resistance ability generally. Compared with artificial transplanting rice, mechanized transplanting rice maintained large basal internode density, substantial degree, fiber content and lignin content of stem and sheath with a much smaller P rate （120 kg·hm^-2） , and achieved the maximum breaking momen

关 键 词：杂交籼稻 机插秧 施钾量 倒伏 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]