氮肥对花生根系生长和结瘤能力的调控效应  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation on Root Growth and Nodulating Ability of Peanut

作　　者：郑永美[1] 王春晓[2] 刘岐茂 吴正锋[1] 王才斌[1] 孙秀山[1] 郑亚萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]烟台市农业科学研究院,山东烟台265500 [3]莱西市农业技术推广站,山东莱西266600

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第12期2418-2425,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目(2014QNM27);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016A05);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04)

摘　　要：为探明氮肥对花生根系生长和结瘤能力的调控效应,本研究以花育22号为试验材料,设置5个处理(N1:基肥45 kg N·hm^(-2);N2:基肥60 kg N·hm^(-2);N3:基肥24 kg N·hm^(-2)+追肥36 kg N·hm^(-2);N4:基肥75 kg N·hm^(-2);N5:基肥135 kg N·hm^(-2)),在桶栽条件下,探究氮肥水平和氮肥运筹对花生根系、根瘤生长发育的影响以及根系与根瘤性状的量化关系。结果表明,N4花生的根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积在全生育期均最高;氮肥全部作为基肥施用(N2)可促进花生前期根系的生长发育,氮肥分为基肥和追肥施用(N3)可促进花生中后期根系的生长发育;随着生育进程的推进,不同处理下根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积的变异系数逐渐增大,最大变异系数分别为29.3%、25.1%和22.1%。生育前期根瘤数目和根瘤鲜重随氮肥水平的增加逐渐降低,而生育中后期根瘤数目和根瘤鲜重则以N4最高,N3次之。根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积与根瘤数目和根瘤鲜重均呈正相关,相关系数为0.1839~0.5262,此外除根系表面积与根瘤鲜重相关性不显著外,其余均达显著或极显著水平。因此,合理施氮可有效调控花生根系和根瘤性状,协调促进根系生长和根瘤发育。本研究为花生生产合理施用氮肥提供了科学依据。In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on root growth and nodulating ability of peanut, Huayu22 was used as the test material to study the effect of nitrogen level and application regimes on peanut root length, root surface area, root volume, nodule number, nodule fresh weight and quantitative relationship between root and root nodule traits. Five treatments were applied under pot cultural condition, which were N1 （applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 45 kg · hm^-2 ）, N2 （ applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 60 kg · hm^-2 ）, N3 （ applied 24 kg N· hm^-2 as based fertilizer ＋ 36 kg N· hm^-2 as topdressing fortilizer）, N4（applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 75 kg· hm^-2） and NS（applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 135 kg· hm^-2）. Results showed root length, root surface and root volume were the largest under N4 treatment during peanut growing period. Under the same nitrogen level, N2 treatment which applied amount of N as based fertilizer could promote the root growth and development during peanut earlier stage, and root morphological of N3 treatment which applied amount of N with the ration of 4：6 base and topdressing fertilizer was better than that of N2 treatment especially in middle and later stages of peanut growth. With the growth process moving forward, variation coefficients of root morphology among different treatments gradually increased. Maximum variation coefficient of root length, root surface and root volume was 29.3%, 25.1% and 22.1%, respectively. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level, the number and weight of root nodule gradually reduced during earlier growth stage, but that of N4 treatment was the biggest followed by N3 treatment at medium-late stage of peanut growth. There were monotonic positive association between root and root nodule traits with correlation coefficients ranging from 0. 1839 - 0. 5262. Canonical correlation analysis between root and root nodule traits were significant or remarkab

关 键 词：花生 氮肥 根系 根瘤 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]