潮流发电试验场水动力特性数学模型研究  

Mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal power generation test field

作　　者：李大鸣[1] 张弘强 卜世龙 李彦卿[1] 唐星辰[1] 甄珠[1] 陈硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2017年第12期105-120,共16页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51079095;51021004)

摘　　要：以普陀山岛–葫芦岛潮流能试验场为研究区域,三维、二维数学模型相结合,模拟分析了发电装置对试验场局部近场、大范围远场水动力的影响情况。提出一种基于能量方程的装置概化方法,即采用流场上下游沿程阻力损失量化装置对水流影响,并对概化后各组合等效与综合糙率进行回归分析,得到来流流速与综合糙率的函数关系。建立三维局部流场模型,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件模拟分析了装置在7种转速-流速组合下的局部流场分布。采用有限元法(FEM)离散二维浅水环流方程,建立二维潮流数学模型,并将综合糙率函数关系代入,通过修改装置所在网格糙率来模拟装置产生的影响。结果表明,全体装置布设时某个涨落潮历时下、全潮过程下,装置对流场的影响范围与潮流流速、装置泊位附近地形有关,离装置越远,装置对流场影响越小。整体上,装置对远场流速影响程度较小,流速变化量最小在2%左右,最大不超过布设前流速8%。Three-and two-dimensional models are used in combination to simulate and analyze the influence of tidal turbines on the hydrodynamic conditions in the near-field and far-field, and applied in a case study of the Putuo-Hulu islands tidal energy test field. We present a method for generalization of tidal turbines that, based on the energy equation, calculates resistance loss in the flow passage to determine the equivalent roughness of the turbines, construct a three-dimensional model of the turbines＇ near-field flow in the frame of Computational Fluid Dynamics（CFD）, and simulate and analyze the velocity distributions in seven conditions of different combinations of turbine rotating speed and inflow velocity. A two-dimensional tidal model is developed on the finite element method（FEM） solving the shallow water equations, and the influence of turbine operation is simulated using larger roughness at the grid nodes occupied by the turbines. Results show that the size of affected zone depends on the tidal flow velocity and the terrain near the berth, and that the further away from the turbines, the less incidence from the turbines into the flow field. In the far-field, the influence is not significant and the flow velocity varies in the range of 2%-8% relative to the velocity before the turbines.

关 键 词：潮流发电 装置概化 水动力特性 水动力学模型 

分 类 号：TV135[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]