光照和温度调控对推迟仁用杏花期的影响  

Effects of illumination and temperature regulation on delaying almond-apricot florescence

作　　者：李慧[1] 乌云塔娜[1] 宋猜 姜仲茂 朱绪春 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《经济林研究》2017年第4期57-63,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"仁用杏和巴旦杏高效生产关键技术研究与示范"(2013BAD14B02)

摘　　要：为了筛选有效推迟仁用杏花期的技术措施,来避开晚霜的危害,以仁用杏主栽品种‘龙王帽’为试材,在不同时间通过采用不同强度的光照、温度等方法来调控仁用杏花期。在光照调控花期的试验中,早春采用双层黑色遮阳网覆盖杏树,可以推迟仁用杏花期5 d,延长花期2 d;晴天的光照强度减少了77 570 lx,阴天减少了5 962 lx;单日平均树冠内空气温度降低了4℃,连续数日降低了3.9℃。在温度调控花期试验中,8月中旬开始树盘覆草,11月中旬灌1次封冻水,次年立春至开花前每隔15 d给树盘灌水,可以推迟仁用杏花期7 d,延长花期3 d;对覆草的杏树灌水处理后,20 cm土层温度的单日日均温下降了3.9℃,连续数日下降了5.1℃;40 cm土层温度的单日日均温下降了3℃,连续数日下降了6.9℃。双层黑色遮阳网覆盖、覆草与灌水等方法推迟花期效果显著,且越早处理推迟花期效果越显著。花芽内部控制开花的基因表达受温度、光照等外在条件的影响,8月正值杏花芽生理分化期,此期正是抑制开花基因开始表达的关键时期。涂白、喷水、单独灌水等方法强度太低,达不到推迟花期的目的。In order to screening some effective technical measures of delaying almond-apricot florescence, and to avoid harmness of late frost, using the main cultivar of ＇Longwangrnao＇ as plant materials, florescence of almond-apricot was regulated by using different methods, such as, controlling illumination and temperature. In the experiment of regulating florescence through controlling illumination, the florescence of almond-apricot had a delay of five days and a extending of two days through covering double black sun-shade net on trees could delay; the illumination reduced by 77 570 lx in sunny day and by 5 962 Ix in cloudy day; average air temperature in crown were decreased by 4 ℃ in one day and by 3.9℃ in several days. In the experiment of regulating florescence through controlling temperature, the florescence of almond-apricot had a delay of seven days and a long of three days through coveting grass in mid-August, irrigating freezing water in mid- Novermber, and irrigating water for every 15 days from next beginning of spring to blossom; the average temperature of 20 cm soil lay reduced by 3.9 ~C in one day and by 5.1 ~C in several days; the average temperature of 40 cm soil lay reduced by 3 ℃ in one day and by 6.9℃ in several days. The methods of covering double black sun-shade nets, covering grass and watering had significant effects on delaying florescence, and earlier treatment and more significant effect on delaying blossoming. Expression of control-blossoming gene in blossom buds was affected by external conditions such as temperature and illumination, and the physiological differentiation period of apricot blossom buds in August was a key period of restraining blossoming gene expression. The measures of painting white lime liquid, spraying water, and watering had lower intensity and could not reach the purpose of delaying florescence.

关 键 词：仁用杏 花期调控 推迟花期 避开晚霜 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]