乡村旅游发展背景下传统村落农户适应性研究——以张家界4个村为例  

Peasant Households Adaptability under the Bankground of Rural Tourism Development in Traditional Villages——A Case Study of 4 Traditional Villages in Zhangjiajie

作　　者：吴吉林[1,2] 刘水良 周春山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,中国广东广州510275 [2]吉首大学土木工程与建筑学院,中国湖南张家界427000 [3]吉首大学旅游与管理工程学院,中国湖南张家界427000

出　　处：《经济地理》2017年第12期232-240,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971097);湖南省社会科学基金项目(15YBX027);湖南省自然与文化遗产研究基地开放项目(15jdzb064)

摘　　要：以社会—生态系统相关理论为指导,运用参与式农村评估(PRA)及其工具和多元线性回归分析方法,研究了乡村旅游发展背景下张家界4个中国传统村落农户适应类型、适应驱动因子和适应机制。研究发现:(1)农户产生旅游专营、旅游主导、旅游参与、务工主导、工农均衡和务农主导6种生计适应类型,参与旅游农户比例低,务农和务工不同程度地成为了传统村落农户的生计策略之一;(2)影响农户适应效果的主要适应因子有6个,即农户家庭劳动力总量、户主学历、房屋面积、家庭存款、邻里关系和种植面积,均为生计资本指标;(3)传统村落社会—生态系统失调、政府政策制度、生计资本是农户适应行为发生的根本原因,生存理性、经济理性与社会理性分别是农户选择务农、务工和参与旅游生计行为的内在动因,生计策略和传统观念是农户旅游适应结果的决定因素。最后,对传统村落农户在区域发展乡村旅游背景下如何提升适应力提出了对策建议。Guided by the theory of social-ecological system of rural tourism, Through participatory rural appraisal （PRA） and multiple linear regression analysis, tourism participation farmers adapt to rural tourism behavior, adapt to the driving factors and mechanisms of adaptation of Shiyanping Village, Sanjiawan Village, Miaogang Village and Hongjiaguan Village which are the four national traditional villages of Zhangjiajie were researched. The study reveals several important results. 1）Six adaptation types of farmers livelihood appeared in the background of rural tourism development in Zhangjiajie, those are tourism franchise pattern, tourism leading pattern ,tourism participation pattern, labor oriented pattern, labor and farming balanced pattern and farming leading pattern, participation in the proportion of rural tourism is low, farming and migrant workers have become one of the livelihood strategies of farmers in traditional villages. 2）The impact of farmers adapting effect （income） of the six key driving factors are： total family labor force, household education, housing area, household deposits, neighborhood and planting area, which are the indicators of livelihood capital. 3）The imbalance of the traditional village social ecosystem, the government policy system and the livelihood capital are the root causes of the adaptive behavior under the background of regional development of rural tourism; Survival rationality, economic rationality and social rationality are the internal causes of farmers＇ choice of farming, migrant workers and participation in tourism livelihood; Livelihood strategies and traditional ideas are the determinantsof the results of traditional village households＇ tourism adaptation. Finally, some suggestions on how to improve traditional village farmers＇ adaptability to rural tourism development were put forward.

关 键 词：社会-生态系统 乡村旅游 农户适应性 传统村落 张家界 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]