中国铁路运输业生产效率及政策启示  

Production efficiency and policy implication of Chinese railway transportation industry

作　　者：李红昌[1] 张敏子 杨明钰 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《长安大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期31-38,共8页Journal of Chang'an University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171113)

摘　　要：随着中国铁路业路网规模和技术装备水平的不断提高,铁路运输效率成为需要关注的重要问题,基于中国铁路总公司18个铁路局2005~2014年的面板数据,利用改进的CCR-DEA模型,对中国铁路运输业的生产效率(投入产出效率)进行计算和分析,研究认为:10年间中国铁路运输业效率总体呈波动上升趋势,就内部效率而言,各铁路局生产效率和空间分布不均衡,导致中国铁路生产效率改变的原因主要包括:一是技术水平的内在提升,近年来的政策支持促进了自主研发的技术创新和外来技术的引进;二是外部资产投资增加的推动作用;三是产业结构变迁与铁路运输生产效率之间存在显著的正相关关系,即铁路运输业与中国工业化进程之间存在密切关系,产业结构变迁可以对铁路运输业技术进步和综合效率产生正向影响,从而促进铁路运输生产效率的提升。研究结果表明,平稳快速的技术进步是样本期间内中国铁路运输业生产效率平稳的主要原因,而规模效率明显下降则是抑制综合效率增长的重要因素;中国铁路运输业需要降低建设力度,避免外延性的规模扩张,要更加重视铁路规模经济和范围经济效率的发挥,从而改善铁路规模效率;更加重视既有运输资源利用效率,提高资源利用的强度和频率,重视内涵式扩大再生产的作用,从而改善技术效率;不断引入社会资本和市场竞争,通过引入竞争抑制铁路运输业可能存在的非效率因素,从而改善总体生产效率。With the continuous improvement of the scale of Chinese industry network and the level of technical equipment, railway transportation efficiency has become an important issue that required attention. Based on the panel data of 18 railway bureaus of China Railway Corporation from 2005 to 2014, the production efficiency （input-output efficiency） of Chinese railway transportation industry was calculated and analyzed by using the improved CCR -DEA. The empirical results show that the efficiency of Chinese railway transportation industry tends to go up overall during 10 years. In terms of the internal efficiency, the production efficiency and space of each railway bureau does not evenly distribute. The reasons causing the change of the efficiency of Chinese railway transportation industry mainly include ： 1 ） the internal promotion of technology level. Policy support in recent years has promoted the technological innovation of independent research and development and the introduction of foreign technology. 2 ） the promoting effect of the increase in external asset investment. 3 ） the significant positive correlation between the change of industrial structure and the production efficiency of railway transportation. There is a close relationship between the railway transportation industry and the process of Chinese industrialization. The change of industrial structure can positively influence the technical progress and comprehensive efficiency of the railway transportation industry, thus promoting the improvement of the production efficiency of railway transportation. The research shows that the steady and rapid technological progress is the main reason for the smooth production efficiency of Chinese railway transportation industry during he sample period, but the significant reduction in scale efficiency is an important factor in inhabiting the growth of the comprehensive efficiency; Chinese railway industry needs to reduce the intensity of construction, avoid the extraductive expansion of scale, and pay mo

关 键 词：CCR-DEA 铁路运输业 生产效率 技术效率 规模效率 铁路路网 

分 类 号：F532.3[经济管理—产业经济]