2005—2015年北极东北航道可通航性研究  

Study on Navigation Environment of Arctic Northeast Passage from 2005 to 2015

作　　者：王相宜 周春霞[1,2] 刘帅斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [2]极地测绘科学国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华东交通大学学报》2017年第6期72-81,共10页Journal of East China Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家海洋局极地专项项目(CHINARE2017-02-05);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41376187)

摘　　要：海冰是制约北极航道开通的一个重要因素,随着北极海冰范围的明显缩减,东北航道的开通成为了可能。研究基于海冰密集度和海冰类型数据将航海环境划分为4个等级,生成北极航道通航环境图,并分析2005—2015年北极东北航道途经四个海域的通航环境变化情况。研究发现,楚科奇海通航时间最长,可从7月初至11月中下旬;东西伯利亚海每年变化趋势较为一致,拉普捷夫海在近几年可通航时间略有增加,喀拉海通航情况主要受其东北部海冰影响,这3个海域通航时间约为8~10月初;影响8、9月份东北航道的开通关键在于东西伯利亚海、拉普捷夫海及北地群岛这些海域。Sea ice is one of the main factors that restricts the opening of the Arctic Passage. The rapid shrinking of the Arctic Sea ice makes it possible for the opening of the Northeast Passage. Based on the concentration and type of sea ice, this paper divided the navigation environment into four levels, made the navigation environmental maps of the Arctic Route, and analyzed the changes of navigation environment of four sea areas along the Arctic Northeast Passage from 2005 to 2015. The results show that the Chukchi Sea has the longest navigable period compared with other seas, which lasts from the beginning of July to the mid-to-late November. The annual trends of the East Siberian Sea are similar, while the navigable period extends slightly in Laptev Sea in recent years and navigation conditions of the Kara Sea are mainly affected by the sea ice located in its northeast. The navigable period of these three seas is from August to the beginning of October. The condition of East Siberian Sea, Laptev Sea and Severnaya Zemlya determines the opening time of the Northeast Passage in August and September.

关 键 词：北极 东北航道 海冰 通航环境 

分 类 号：U612[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]