分权与制衡:国际刑事法院检察官职权配置研究  

Check and Balance:Research on the Duties and Powers of the Prosecutors of International Criminal Court

作　　者：苏敏华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学法学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2018年第1期97-103,共7页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：2017年国家哲学社会科学基金项目"老年被害人司法保护的现状与对策研究(项目编号:17BFX184)"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：基于所管辖犯罪的严重性和特殊性,国际刑事法院并无专门的警察部门,而是将一般意义上的犯罪侦查和起诉职能都赋予检察官,属于最为彻底的检警一体化体系。国际刑事法院检察官具有相当的自由裁量权:一方面,"罗马规约"授权缔约国和联合国安理会将相关情势提交给国际刑事法院,但是否启动案件调查的决定权在于国际刑事法院检察官;另一方面,检察官可以无需缔约国同意或授权,自行决定是否调查某一情势中涉及的犯罪和个人。"罗马规约"同时授权检察官决定是否起诉某一案件或某一嫌疑人。检察官是否调查、是否起诉的裁量权要接受国际刑事法院预审分庭的审查。这种复杂的分权与制衡机制有助于保障国际刑事法院检察官公正无偏地履行职责,防止国际干涉和权利滥用。这一机制是否能切实发挥效用,仍有待于实践和时间的检验。As the crimes under the jurisdiction of International Criminal Court are grave and special, there is no place for a police department in the court. The Office of Prosecutors of the court is in charge of the investigation and prosecution of crimes, which can be called the integration of prosecution and police. The Rome Statue of International Criminal Court empowers state parties and United Nations Security Council to submit situations to the court, but it is up to the prosecutors to decide whether to start an investigation or not. The Roma Statue also empowers the prosecutors to initiate an investigation by themselves. The discretion of the prosecutors whether to initiate an investigation or proceed a charge is under the check of the pre--trial chamber of the court. The complicated check and balance mechanism is beneficial for the prosecutors to be impartial and unbiased as well as prevention of abuse of power, while it＇s up to practice and time to prove whether this mechanism is workable.

关 键 词：罗马规约 检察官职权 预审分庭 制衡 

分 类 号：D993.9[政治法律—国际法学]