考虑空间效应的毒气扩散当量危害研究  

Study on the Equivalent Hazard of Toxic Gas Diffusion Considering Spatial Effect

作　　者：郑霞忠[1,2] 田丹 晋良海[1,2] 谢雪凌[2] 陈雁高 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌4430022 [2]水电工程施工与管理湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌4430023 [3]中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司,四川成都610081

出　　处：《灾害学》2018年第1期1-4,共4页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51379110)

摘　　要：为揭示空间尺寸对扩散毒气当量危害的影响规律,参考毒气危害程度评价标准,提取有限空间毒气危害程度评价因素,运用均一质量浓度模型与仿真方法,以毒物负荷准则为基础,融合空间毒气动态变化浓度与暴露时间等因素,构建毒气扩散当量危害模型。模拟不同尺寸空间的毒气扩散浓度与人群疏散时间,生成不同有限空间中毒气扩散浓度动态变化曲线,仿真计算人群暴露时间,揭示空间效应对扩散毒气当量危害的影响机制,量化分析有限空间中扩散毒气的危害程度。模拟结果表明:随着空间尺寸的增加,毒气扩散当量危害值呈现先增后减的趋势,并在空间大小达到某一值时,毒气当量危害值达到峰值,在峰值点的左右邻域内,空间尺寸越大,毒气扩散当量危害值的增长与衰变速率就越低。In order to reveal the influence of space dimension over the distribution of the toxic gas diffusion equivalent,the author referred to the evaluation criteria of gas hazard degree and used the uniform mass concentration model and the simulation method to do the analysis. Based on the toxic load criteria as well as factors such as spatial concentration of hazard gas and exposure time,the author constructed gas diffusion equivalent hazard model.Then,the author simulated gas diffusion under different dimensions and different exposure time,revealed the influence mechanism of space effect on toxic gas diffusion equivalent and conducted quantitative analysis of hazard degree of gas diffusion in the limited space. The simulation results showed that,with the increasing of space dimension,the equivalent value of the toxic gas diffusion increased at first and then decreased,and when the size of the space reaches a certain value,the hazard value of the gas equivalent reaches the peak value. In the neighborhood area of the peak point,size of the space is inversely proportional to the growth rate and the decay rate.

关 键 词：毒气扩散 当量危害 均一质量浓度 毒物负荷准则 空间效应 

分 类 号：X92[环境科学与工程—安全科学] X45