深圳市接种儿童监护人焦虑状况流行病学调查  

Epidemiology Investigation on the Anxiety of Children's Guardians for Vaccination in Shenzhen

作　　者：林宝妮[1] 姚尧 方琼[1] 王永刚[1] 曹丽[1] 蔡琳[1] 梁静[1] 程瑶[2] 聂绍发[2] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市福田区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518040 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2017年第6期567-569,共3页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：深圳市福田区卫生公益性项目(FTWS2014055)

摘　　要：目的了解深圳市福田区参加预防接种儿童的监护人的焦虑情况及焦虑严重程度分布,为进一步制定干预措施、合理有效规划深圳市儿童预防接种工作提供理论指导。方法设计焦虑调查问卷,以门诊为单位,采用整群随机抽样方法,调查深圳市福田区6个街道共30个预防接种门诊的接种儿童监护人焦虑状况。结果在3 066名儿童监护人中,有219例监护人被检出焦虑,检出率为7.1%,其中轻度192人,中度20人,重度7人。监护人是否焦虑与"监护人与孩子的关系"有关(P<0.001),与接种儿童是父母关系的监护人焦虑症检出率较低,只有6.5%,其中5.7%为轻度焦虑;监护人焦虑的严重程度与其职业有关(P<0.05),不同职业中,监护人职业为"干部、工人"者焦虑检出率最高,为8.0%,其中7.0%为轻度焦虑,而监护人为"卫生工作者"的焦虑检出率最低,为2.9%,均为中度焦虑。按照儿童是否按时接种疫苗和接种疫苗类型对监护人焦虑状况进行分析,已按时接种和未按时接种疫苗的儿童分别占94.9%和5.1%,其监护人的焦虑检出率分别为6.7%和15.3%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论儿童预防接种这一生活事件对儿童监护人(父母、祖父母或其他)的心理产生一定的负面影响,甚至会导致监护人出现焦虑。在进行儿童免疫接种过程中要关注这一现象,采取干预措施降低影响,保证监护人的身心健康,提高预防接种的质量。Objectives To investigate the anxiety and its distribution of children＇s guardians among Shenzhen Futian district,and to provide theoretical guidance for establishing intervention measures and perfecting vaccination work in Shenzhen.Methods Epidemiology questionnaire was designed and cluster sampling method was used to investigate the anxiety of vaccinated children＇s guardians from 30 vaccination outpatients in six streets.Results Among3 066 children＇s guardians,219 guardians showed anxiety with a detection rate of 7.1%,including 192 mild cases,20 moderate cases and 7 severe cases of anxiety.The anxiety status of children＇s guardians was related to＂relationship between guardian and children＂（P〈0.001）.Anxiety detection rate was low（6.5%）among the guardians of parents,with only 5.7% of them were mild anxiety.The severity of anxiety status of children＇s guardians was related to occupation（P〈0.05）.Among different occupation,＂cadre worker＂guardians showed the highest detection rate of 8.0%,with 7.0% of them were mild cases of anxiety.＂Medical workers＂guardians showed the lowest detection rate of2.9%,with all of them were mild cases of anxiety.After analyzing guardians anxiety conditions according to whether the children received vaccination,94.9%children received vaccination and 5.1% did not.And the guardians＇ anxiety detection rate were 6.7% and 15.3%,respectively.The difference was statistically significant（P〈0.001）.Conclusions Children vaccination may have negative influences on children＇s guardians＇（parents,grandparents or others）mental health,and might even lead to anxiety.This phenomenon should be focused and intervention measures were needed to ensure the guardians＇ physical and mental health and improve the quality of vaccination.

关 键 词：预防接种 监护人 焦虑 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R395.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]