枣花粉育性研究进展  

On the Progress of Pollen Sterility of Chinese Jujube Cultivars

作　　者：吴硕[1] 智福军[1] 贾彦丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报》2017年第3期34-39,44,共7页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology

摘　　要：从枣单药花粉数量、枣花粉活力测定、同品种花粉数量和活力等方面对枣花粉育性的研究情况进行了综述,并对枣花粉育性研究存在的问题进行了探讨及分析。结果表明,在已发表的63份花粉数量中,有56份为单一数据,且整体花粉数量偏低,约有半数品种花粉量在1 000粒/花药以下,表明花粉数量是限制枣授粉及育种的因素之一。枣花粉在蕾黄到蕾裂期活力较高。测定活力的方法有染色法和离体培养方法,离体法相较于染色法测定更为准确,其中蔗糖、硼酸、琼脂浓度以及培养温度和湿度等均会影响花粉萌发。在已发表的91份品种的数据中有66份有单一萌发率,萌发率大于50%的仅有2份品种,超过半数品种萌发率在10%以下。低温及干燥能有效保持花粉活力,且花粉数量与萌发率无相关性,仅金丝4号、抗病优系(99-1)和金昌1号较适宜作授粉树。Pollen number and vitality are the basic indexes of pollen sterility and the important indexes for selecting hybrid combinations. The pollen number per anther was commonly used to determine pollen numbers.The 56 cultivars of 63 published cultivars of Chinese jujube（ Ziziphus jujuba Mill.） had single pollen number results. About half of them were blow 1000 grain per anther,showed that low number of pollen was one of the factors limiting pollination and breeding. Jujube pollen has higher vitality from bud yellow stag to bud crack stag. Dyeing and in vitro culture were used to determine pollen vitality,and the latter was more accurate. The concentration of sucrose,boric acid and agar,temperature and humidity could affect pollen germination. The 66 cultivars of 91 published cultivars had single pollen germination results. More than half cultivars were blow 10%,only 2 cultivars were above 50%. Low temperature and desiccation can effectively keep the pollen vitality. Meanwhile pollen number and pollen germination were found no correlations. Jinsi No. 4,Kangbingyouxi（ 99-1） and Jinchang No. 1 could be used as pollinizers.

关 键 词：枣 花粉育性 研究进展 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]