我国作物硼营养与硼肥施用的研究进展  

Advances in studies on crop boron nutrition and application of boron fertilizers in China

作　　者：徐芳森 王运华 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室和微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年第6期1556-1564,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31372129;31572185)资助

摘　　要：硼是作物生长发育和产量形成所必需的微量营养元素。我国自上世纪六、七十年代发现棉花"蕾而不花"和油菜"花而不实"为缺硼症后,开启了作物硼营养与硼肥施用技术的研究,此后50年的研究取得了一系列瞩目的进展和成果。本文从作物硼营养诊断与硼肥施用、作物硼的吸收转运和分配、作物硼的营养生理、作物硼营养遗传与分子机理等四个方面综述我国科技工作者的研究工作。研究确定了我国不同作物生长发育对硼的营养需求及缺硼反应的差异,明确了棉花和油菜等作物的硼营养特征、植物体与土壤硼丰缺指标和诊断方法、硼肥施用技术与规范,揭示了油菜、棉花等作物硼高效利用的基因型差异与遗传规律,克隆解析了硼高效吸收转运基因。在未来发展中,一方面要进一步加强作物硼营养的精准诊断与早期诊断、硼与其他必需元素的协同增效研究,为现代农业产业服务;另一方面要进一步加强作物硼营养高效的生物学机制研究,以培育作物硼高效高产优质抗逆的品种为目标,为实现我国农业可持续发展作贡献。Boron（B） is one of the essential micronutrients for plant growth and yield construction.After＂budding but no flowering＂ in cotton and ＂flowering but no seed setting＂ in rapeseed were confirmed to be Bdeficient symptom in China from 60 s to 70 s last century,the studies on B nutrition and application of B fertilizers in crops were initiated,and a series of great achievements were made during the past 50 years.In this article,we reviewed the achievements made by Chinese scientists focusing on the field research,including B nutrition diagnose and application of B fertilizers in crops,uptake and utilization of B,physiological function of B,genetic and molecular mechanism of B nutrition in crops.It has confirmed that different crop species show significant differences in B demand and B-deficient response.B nutrition characterization in plants,critical index and diagnosis methods for B nutrition in plants and soils,and techniques and standards of B fertilizer application were established.Genotype difference in B use efficiency and its genetic law were revealed in Brassica napus and cotton,as well as the genes for B transporters and their functions.In future,more work should be done in the accurate and early diagnosis of B nutrition in plants,and the synergistic effect of B and other essential nutrients for servicing the modern agricultural industry.The biological mechanism of B nutrition efficiency of crops should be focused on the goal breeding new varieties with high yield and good quality and high B efficiency,to make contribution to the sustainable development of agriculture in China.

关 键 词：作物 硼营养诊断 硼肥施用 吸收转运 生理功能 分子机制 

分 类 号：S143.71[农业科学—肥料学]