内蒙古草原虫害防治对策及效益研究  

Grassland Pests Control Strategies and Benefit Study in the Inner Mongolia

作　　者：刘思博 殷国梅 高博 张园园 薛艳林 张英 马崇勇 单艳敏 贾明 丁海君 白春利 孙林 田彦军 高霞[5] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古自治区家畜改良站,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]内蒙古自治区草原工作站,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]内蒙古鄂托克旗草原工作站,内蒙古鄂托克旗016100 [5]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2017年第12期55-65,共11页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：国家牧草产业体系(CARS-35-27);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0500604);内蒙古农牧业科学院青年基金(2015QNJJM14)

摘　　要：内蒙古草原是我国北方的天然生态屏障,也是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地之一。受气候、人为等因素的影响,内蒙古草原虫害危害严重,因此,做好草原虫害监测与防治工作尤为重要。对草原虫害监测预警进行了实践分析,主要包括常规调查、固定监测、农牧民测报员体系、"3S"技术应用和建立草原害虫监测预警体系等方面;对化学防治、生物防治(绿僵菌、阿维菌素、印楝素、苦参碱、烟碱·苦参碱、牧鸡、牧鸭)生态治理及其施药方式等方面对防治进行了实践分析,并就当前实际生产中存在的问题进行了探讨,提出了加大资金投入、完善监测预警、强化基础设施、加大科研力度的建议;对防治效益进行了综合分析,草原虫害防治工作经济、社会和生态效益显著。分析认为,草原虫害防治效益明显,应加强防治工作;在其防治对策中,政府重视是保障,监测预警是基础,加大投入是根本,专业防治是关键,强化培训是重点。Grassland in Inner Mongolia is a natural ecological barrier for Northern China and is also China′ s important base for animal husbandry production. Affected by environment and artificial factor, grassland in Inner Mongolia is harmed seriously by pests, so it is particularly important to surveillance and control. The warning system of grassland pests such as conventional investigation, fixed monitoring, monitoring system of farmers and herdsmen, application of 3S techniques, building of monitoring and early warning system, system indicates and monitoring stations are discussed. We also discuss the practice of chemical control, biological protection(metarhizium, avermectin, azadirachtin, matrine, nicotine·matrine, chicken and duck rearing),ecological control and method of spraying pesticides. The current problems existing in the actual production are discussed in this paper, and suggestions such as increasing the capital investment, perfecting disaster monitoring and early warning, enhancing the infrastructure, and strengthening scientific research are put forward. Finally, the control benefits are comprehensively analyzed,and the grassland pests control shows significant economic, social and ecological benefits. Therefore, we should strengthen the control work. We conclude that in the current grassland pests monitoring and control work, attention from government is the guarantee, monitoring and early warning is basis, strengthening the input is foundation, professional control is key point, enforcing the training is emphasis.

关 键 词：草原蝗虫 监测预警 综合防治 生物防治 效益分析 对策 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]