采矿作业不同工种工人听力损失分析  

Analysis on occupational noise-induced hearing loss of different type workers in underground mining

作　　者：刘其才[1] 多彩虹[1] 王峥[1] 闫凯[1] 张娟[2] 熊伟[2] 朱敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家安全生产监督管理总局职业安全研究中心,北京102308 [2]湖北省鄂州市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2017年第11期852-854,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解矿采作业不同工种噪声导致的听力损失水平，为职业性爆震聋及噪声性聋的诊断提供依据。方法选取某一金属矿山地下采掘作业人员459人为对象，排除耳疾史及非职业性听力损失后，对爆破、掘进、采集，井下机修等噪声接触人员的纯音听力测试结果进行分析。结果单纯高频段听力损失总阳性人数351人，阳性检出率为74.29%，语言频段合并高频段听力损失51人，阳性检出率为11.11%。不同工龄组高频段听力损失总阳性检出率，各组间差异有统计学意义（右耳χ^2=9.427，P〈0.05，左耳χ^2=14.375，P〈0.01），不同工种高频段听力损失阳性检出率掘进组最高，其次为爆破组、采矿组、机修组。爆破作业前后间接接触凿岩掘进噪声，其听力损失特点符合噪声性。结论当从事爆破作业的员工申请职业性病诊断时，如果没有意外爆破事故记录，应按照职业性噪声聋诊断标准进行诊断分级。Objective To investigate hearing loss status of blasters, drillers mechanics and so on in underground mining, and put forward suggestion diagnosis of occupational explosive deafness and occupational deafness.Methods Underground excavation workers in a metal mine were recruited in this study, those with a history of ear disease and non-occupational deafness were all excluded. Finally, the features of pure tone audiometry of 459 noise-exposed workers were analyzed.Results High-frequency hearing loss occurred on 351workers and the positive detection rate was 74.29%, workers who had both high-frequency and linguistic frequency hearing loss were 51 and the positive detection rate was 11.11%. The positive detection of high-frequency hearing loss in right ear （χ^2=9.427 and P= 0.024） and in left ear （χ^2=14.375, P=0.002） was significantly different between different exposure age groups. The positive detection of high-frequency hearing loss of driving group was the highest, followed by blasting group, mining group and machine repair group. The characteristics of the hearing loss caused by drilling noise of the blasting workers with no accident occurred were in line with that of noise-induced hearing loss.Conclusion The diagnosis grading should be carried out according to the diagnostic criteria of occupational noise-induced deafness for the employees who engaged in the blasting operation with no record of blast accident.

关 键 词：采矿 听力检查 聋 职业暴露 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]