氮肥对糜子籽粒灌浆期农田小气候及产量的调控效应  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the field microclimate and yield of broomcorn millet at grain filling stage

作　　者：宫香伟 韩浩坤[1] 张大众[1] 李境 王孟 薛志和 高小丽[1] 杨璞[1] 冯佰利[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]榆林市农业科学研究院小杂粮研究所,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2017年第12期10-19,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31371529);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系(CARS-13.5-07-A9);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2014BAD07B03);陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系项目(2017)

摘　　要：为研究旱地条件下氮肥对糜子灌浆期农田小气候、植株光合特性及产量的影响,以榆糜2号为试验材料,在陕西榆林小杂粮示范基地设置4个氮肥处理,分析糜子灌浆期农田小气侯指标、光合生理指标及产量构成要素。试验结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,氮肥处理显著降低糜子株间光照度和株间气温,减少漏光损失的同时又增加株间相对湿度;整个籽粒灌浆期,随着氮肥水平的提高,糜子不同节位叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)和净光合速率(Pn)均呈增加趋势。其中,以N4处理(纯氮195kg/hm2)对糜子籽粒灌浆期农田小气候特性及光合特性的影响最大。N3处理(纯氮150kg/hm2)的糜子产量可达到4 605.8kg/hm2,比对照增加了44.7%,是该地区糜子生产适宜的施氮量。A broomcorn millet variety Yumi 2 was used as study object in test base of Yulin Shaanxi to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the field microclimate,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of broomcorn millet at the grain filling stage.The results showed that：Compared with the non-fertilization treatment;Nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly decreased illumination and air temperature,but improved the relative humidity among broomcorn millet plants.With the increase of the fertilizer level,both chlorophyll content（SPAD）and net photosynthetic rate（Pn）of different leaf sites of node showed an increasing trend at the grain filling stage.Among all fertilizer treatments,N4（N 195 kg/hm2）displayed the greatest effect on the field microclimate and photosynthetic characteristics of broomcorn millet.And the yield of broomcorn millet reached 4 605.8 kg/hm2 under N3（N 150 kg/hm2）treatment,which increased44.7% than that under non-fertilization treatment indicating the amount of nitrogen applied was suitable in Yulin,Shaanxi.

关 键 词：糜子 氮肥 籽粒灌浆期 农田小气候 光合特性 

分 类 号：S162.4[农业科学—农业气象学] S516[农业科学—农业基础科学]