清代秋审制度的司法监督功能探析  

Functions of the Judicial Supervision of the Autumn Trial System in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：闫文博[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学人文与法律学院,天津300401

出　　处：《河北工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期47-51,共5页Journal of Hebei University of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2014年河北省社会科学基金项目(HB14FX038)

摘　　要：清代秋审来源于明代的朝审制度,是对全国各地重案要案尤其是被判处死刑的案件的审理,使得中央朝廷对地方的司法审判进行了有效的监督,使各级衙门之间有一定相互牵制作用,对疏通从下至上的申诉渠道有一定积极意义。秋审制度的运行加强了中央对地方所判处的严重犯罪案件的司法监督,取得了一定的效果,尤其是其逐级审转复核制具有重要意义。但由于晚清政治形势的变化,也出现了敷衍应付、暗中勾通、官官相护的弊端。尽管会审制度生存的土壤已不复存在,但其所体现的司法监督的精神却不应抛弃,深入挖掘其精髓对于建设当代中国的司法监督体系亦有重要意义。The autumn trial in the Qing Dynasty originated from the court trial system in the Ming Dynasty. It focuses on the trial of important cases all over China, especially the death sentence cases, which allows the central government to implement effective judicial supervision over the local governments＇ judicial judgement and renders governments of all levels to enforce mutual supervision. All these make people easier to appeal to the government of higher-level from the lower-level government. The operation of autumn trial also strengthens the central governments＇ judicial supervision over the serious criminal cases judged by the local governments. Particularly, it is of great significance for the review and review system. However, due to the changes of political situation, some malpractiees like judging cases in a perfunctory manner, colluding with each other before the case and officials shielding one another emerged in the late Qing Dynasty. Although the joint trial system is no longer suited for nowadays＇ cases, but the spirit of judicial supervision should not be abandoned. Probing into its true essence is of great importance for building a judicial supervision in contemporary China.

关 键 词：秋审 朝审 司法监督 司法纠错 

分 类 号：D909.92[政治法律—法学理论]