玉米籽粒考种信息获取装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Maize Kernel Traits Acquisition Device

作　　者：宋鹏[1,2] 张晗 王成[1,2] 罗斌 赵勇[1,2] 潘大宇 

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]农业部农业信息技术重点实验室,北京100097

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2017年第12期19-25,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(D151100004215002);国家博士后基金项目(2015M581019)

摘　　要：考种是制约育种效率的关键环节。玉米高通量考种过程,存在籽粒堆积和粘连现象,影响籽粒考种参数的提取。本文结合玉米高通量自动考种需求,设计了籽粒考种信息获取装置。通过分析堆积籽粒回旋运动过程的受力情况并根据试验情况确定振动平台回旋速度,实现籽粒的平铺摊种。在此基础上,针对粘连籽粒图像提出了一种先分割后融合的改进分水岭算法,该方法通过比较相邻分割区域极小值与最小分水岭的差值与设定的阈值T,进行邻域融合,对过分割区域进行合并,实现粘连籽粒的准确分割,分割完成后,统计籽粒个数,并基于Graham扫描法建立单个籽粒的最小外接矩形,获取籽粒长宽参数。在构建的玉米籽粒自动考种装置上进行动态试验,结果表明,本文所提出的方法可实现玉米粘连籽粒的准确分割,单穗玉米籽粒计数正确率不低于98.05%,籽粒平均长宽与人工测量结果的决定系数R^2在0.97以上,满足自动考种在线检测的需求。In the process of automatic maize kernel trait extraction,the parameters of maize kernel can be obtained by machine vision. In the process of machine vision analysis,the accumulation of maize grain affects the extraction of kernel parameters. A method of obtaining information of corn kernel and cyclotron vibration platform was designed. Through the analysis of the stress distribution of accumulation seed cyclotron motion process,the vibration platform swing speed was determined,and the grain accumulation was reduced. Through the vibration kernel accumulation was reduced first,and then maize kernel image was obtained. In the image processing and analysis stage,image of maize kernels was segmented. To solve the segmentation problem of maize kernels,an improved watershed algorithm was proposed. After watershed segmentation,the D-value between the minimum watershed value and the minimum value of the pixel points between adjacent segmentation region were calculated, and then the D-value was compared with T. If the D-value was less than T,the adjacent segmentation region was merged.Segmentation made each maize kernel be a region. The number of maize grains corresponded to the number of regions. After the segmentation was completed,minimum external rectangle of single seed was established by improved Graham scanning method. The length and width of the minimum external rectangle corresponded to the length and width of the kernel. Verification experiments were carried out on the corn seed metering device. The final test results showed that the correct rate of segmentation method proposed on maize grain reached above 98. 05% and the determination correlation coefficient between algorithm and manual measured values was above 0. 97. The system can realize rapid acquisition of relevant information of maize kernel,and achieve the expected performance index as well as meet practical demands.

关 键 词：玉米籽粒 自动考种 机器视觉 粘连分割 回旋振动 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]