不同风况和开窗配置对夏季单栋塑料温室微气候的影响  

Effects of Wind Regime and Vent Configuration on Microclimate in Tunnel Greenhouses in Summer

作　　者：何科奭 陈大跃[2] 孙丽娟[3] 刘正鲁 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院,上海200240 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [4]上海孙桥现代农业园区,上海201210

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2017年第12期311-318,339,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA10A505);上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科攻字(2009)第8-1号)

摘　　要：以华东地区种植着空心菜的单栋塑料温室为研究对象构建其全尺度计算流体力学模型(CFD模型)。该模型经现场实验验证,其计算值与各测点温度实验值变化趋势吻合且差异在1.1℃以内。随后,通过该模型研究不同开窗配置下温室内气流和温度场特征,评估开窗配置对通风率、室内外温差和室内气候均匀性的影响,揭示不同风况下温室微气候形成机理。仿真结果表明,不同开窗配置会产生截然不同的温室微气候场。顶侧窗配置下温室通风率最高,室内外温差最小,能产生较均匀的室内气候,因此最适合于温室夏季通风。不同风况会对温室内气流和温度场产生显著的影响,进而影响温室降温效果和气候均匀性;当外界高温低风速气候条件下,热压通风起主导作用;顶侧窗通风能显著提高温室降温效果,有效降低作物冠状层气温。The effects of vent configuration and wind regime on the microclimate in the tunnel greenhouse were numerically investigated. A full scale computational fluid dynamics model（ CFD model） was constructed based on a tunnel greenhouse cultivated with water spinach in eastern China. The model was firstly validated by comparing CFD simulations with experimental temperatures. The simulations had similar trends to those of the experiments with less than 1. 1℃ of difference. It was then employed to investigate the greenhouse airflow and temperature patterns with different vent configurations,evaluate the effect of vent configuration on the ventilation rate,temperature difference between inside and outside,and the inside climate homogeneity,and reveal the greenhouse microclimate mechanism with different wind regimes. Simulations showed that different vent configurations induced different inside microclimate patterns and ventilation performances. The roof plus side opening provided the highest ventilation rate,the minimum temperature difference and a relatively uniform indoor climate, and thus can be recommended for summer ventilation. Wind regime had a significant impact on the airflow and temperature patterns in the greenhouse,which considerably affected the cooling performance and the indoor climate homogeneity. With the weather conditions of high temperature and low wind speed,thermal driven ventilation played a remarkable effect on the greenhouse microclimate. The roof and side opening can improve greenhouse cooling performance remarkably and reduce air temperature in crop canopy effectively.

关 键 词：单栋塑料温室 微气候 风况 开窗配置 计算流体力学 

分 类 号：S625[农业科学—园艺学]