北京怀九河河岸带植物多样性及影响因子分析  

Riparian vegetation diversity and its influencing factors of Huaijiu River in Beijing

作　　者：孔庆仙 信忠保[1] 夏晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《科技导报》2017年第24期57-65,共9页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：北京市科技服务业专项(Z151100001115001)

摘　　要：植物多样性是河岸带的重要生态特征,是河岸带健康与否的重要标志。为了解北京山区河岸带健康状况及其影响因素,通过布设调查样地和室内分析,探讨植物多样性特征及其影响因子。通过主成分分析和聚类分析将怀九河河岸带划分为6种类型,分别命名为自然河岸带、近自然河岸带、人工岸坡乔灌草河岸带、人工岸坡观赏性乔灌草河岸带、人工岸坡疏乔灌草干砌石河岸带和人工岸坡浆砌石河岸带。随海拔高度升高,河岸带植物多样性指数增大。不同类型河岸带植物多样性有所差异,人工浆砌石河岸带植物多样性指数显著低于其他类型河岸带(n=50,P<0.05)。河岸带乔灌Shannon多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数显著低于草本(n=50,P<0.05),草本植物适应环境能力强、灵活性好的特点使得植物种类多样而丰富,而乔灌容易受到人类影响使得多样性、丰富度较低。Pearson相关性分析表明:河岸带植物Shannon多样性指数与岸坡类型和硬化面积比例呈显著负相关(n=50,P<0.01),与海拔高度呈显著正相关(n=50,P<0.05)。The plant diversity is one of the important ecological factors in the riparian, as an important symbol of the riparian healthy. In order to ensure the riparian health in Beijing mountainous area and reveal its influencing factors, sampling and indoor analysis are carried out, to study the relationship between the plant diversity and the environmental factors. According to the principle component analysis and the cluster analysis, the Huaijiu river riparian falls into six types, namely, the natural riparian, the near-natural riparian, the artificial bank plant riparian, the artificial bank ornamental plant riparian, the artificial bank sparse plant dry-stone riparian, and the artificial bank masonry riparian. With the increase of the elevation, the diversity index of the riparian increases. Different riparian types have different variations of plant species, and the diversity index of the artificial bank masonry riparian is significantly lower than other riparian types （n= 50, P〈0.05）. The riparian tree and shrub Shannon diversity and Margalef abundance index are significantly lower than those of the herb （n= 50, P〈0.05）, and the herbaceous plants may adapt to the environment easily and with flexibility that makes various and abundant plant species, while the trees and shrubs are vulnerable to the human influences and have lower diversity and abundance. The Pearson correlation analysis shows that the riparian plant Shannon diversity index and the hardening area ratio and the slope types have significantly negative correlation（n=50, P〈0.01）, while the altitude is significantly positively related to the riparian plant Shannon diversity index and the hardening area ratio（n=50, P〈0.05）. This study can provide a reference for the riparian health and the protection of the plant diversity, and provide a theoretical support for the development and management of the riparian.

关 键 词：怀九河 河岸带 植物多样性 SHANNON多样性指数 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]