餐厨垃圾固相物料的中温厌氧消化中试研究  

Pilot-scale Research on Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Kitchen Waste

作　　者：王冰洁[1] 王金辉[1] 黄怡然[1] 涂凌波[1] 黄安娜 朱建林[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学建筑工程与环境学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]宁波开诚生态技术有限公司,浙江宁波315176

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2018年第1期94-98,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC25B05);宁波市重大科技项目(2013C51001)

摘　　要：采用有效容积为4 m3的全混装置,对餐厨垃圾经精细预处理后的固相物料进行了中温[(35±2)℃]厌氧消化处理中试研究,考察了进料有机负荷(OLR)及氨氮对产沼气能力、处理效果及运行稳定性的影响。结果表明,此类物料具有挥发性固体(VS)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)高而C/N值低的特性。其厌氧消化最佳运行工况为OLR=4.77 kg VS/(m3·d)、HRT=50 d。其容积产气率最大为2.56 m3/(m3·d),且整体稳定于1.95~2.10 m3/(m3·d),气体甲烷含量维持在60%以上,总固体(TS)去除率可达93%。在高OLR[5.97~6.86 kg VS/(m3·d)]条件下,VFA出现积累而氨氮浓度可维持相对稳定。当氨氮浓度<6 000 mg/L时,系统对VFA的积累并不敏感,VS产甲烷率仍可达0.32 m3/kg VS。但当氨氮浓度上升至6 000 mg/L以上时,产甲烷微生物活性受到明显抑制。因此控制氨氮浓度<6 000 mg/L是本系统稳定运行的关键。Under mesophilic condition of （35±2）℃, pilot-scale experiments were carried out to study the impact of organic loading rate （OLR） and ammonia nitrogen on the anaerobic digestion of the fine pretreated solid kitchen waste using a 4 m^3 fully mixing reactor. The results showed that the solid waste was characterized by high concentrations of volatile solid （VS） and volatile fatty acid （VFA） with low C/N. The system reached the optimal operating condition at OLR = 4.77 kgVS/（ m^3 · d） , in which the maximum volumetric gas production rate reached 2.56 m^3/（ m^3 · d） and was stabilized between 1.95 m^3/（m^3 · d） and 2.10 m^3/（m^3 · d）, the methane content of gas was above 60% , and the removal rate of total solid （TS） was 93%. In the case of high OLR of 5.97 -6.86 kgVS/（m^3 · d） , VFA tended to accumulate while ammonia nitrogen concentration remained relatively stable. The system was insensitive to VFA accumulation when ammonia nitrogen concentration was below 6 000 mg/L, and the methane-producing rate of VS remained at 0.32 m^3/kgVS. However, when ammonia nitrogen concentration was raised beyond 6 000 mg,/L, the methanogenic microbial activity was suppressed significantly. Therefore,ammonia nitrogen concentration 〈 6 000 mg/L was the key characteristic for the stable operation of the system.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 固相物料 中温厌氧消化 有机负荷 氨氮 

分 类 号：TU993.3[建筑科学—市政工程]