中国2015年国家免疫规划疫苗报告接种率分析  

Reported coverage of vaccines in the National Immunization Program of China,2015

作　　者：崔健[1] 曹雷[1] 郑景山[1] 曹玲生[1] 段梦娟[1] 肖奇友[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2017年第6期601-607,共7页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的分析中国(不包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区)2015年国家免疫规划(NIP)疫苗常规免疫报告接种率。方法对中国各省份2015年NIP疫苗常规免疫监测报告接种率、报告数据质量进行描述性分析评价。结果中国2015年常规免疫接种率监测报告县、乡级报告率分别为99.24%和97.64%。全国22剂NIP疫苗报告接种率均≥98%,首剂乙型肝炎疫苗及时报告接种率为95.61%。报告接种率<90%的县、乡主要分布于河南、四川、西藏等中西部地区。以县为单位全国NIP疫苗除第1剂和第2剂乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗、第1剂甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗外,其余疫苗剂次平均报告接种率均≥96%。全国45.54%的县百白破联合疫苗(DTP)脱漏率>5%,18.5%的县DTP脱漏率≥10%,主要分布在西部地区。结论中国省、县、乡级NIP疫苗报告接种率处于较高水平;报告接种率较低的县、乡主要分布在西部地区,利用接种率监测数据直接识别低接种率地区能力较弱。Objective To analyze the reported routine immunization coverage of vaccines in the National Immunization Program（ NIP） of China（ not including Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Macao Special Administrative Region,and Taiwan）,2015. Methods We used descriptive epidemiological methods to evaluate reported data and data quality on routine immunization coverage from all provinces of China in 2015. Results In 2015,99. 24% of counties and 97. 64% of townships reported routine immunization coverage data. Nationally,the reported immunization coverage rates for 22 doses of NIP vaccines were all≥98%,and the coverage rate for timely immunization with the first-dose hepatitis B vaccine was 95. 61%.Counties or townships with reported coverage 90% were mainly in the middle and western regions such as Henan,Sichuan,and Tibet. The average reported coverage rates for all doses of NIP vaccines,except for the first and second doses of Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine,and the first dose of hepatitis A attenuated live vaccine,were all ≥96% at the county level. The drop-out rate for diphtheria,tetanus,and pertussis combined vaccine（ DTP） was 5% in 45. 54% of counties and ≥ 10% in 18. 5% of counties;most of these counties were in western regions. Conclusions The reported coverage rates of NIP vaccines in China were high at provincial,county and township levels. Counties and townships with lower reported coverage rates were mainly located in the western areas where the ability to directly recognize low-coverage through monitoring data was relatively weak.

关 键 词：国家免疫规划 疫苗 接种率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]