四川盆地西北部磷矿废弃采石场自然演替初期植被特征  

A Study of Early Vegetation Features and Natural Succession of Phosphate Wasted Quarry in Northwest of the Sichuan Basin

作　　者：尤继勇[1] 吴雨峰[1] 张小平[1] 康钉荣 杨育林[1] 陈涤非[1] 张好[1] 李佳泳 

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081 [2]石棉县林业局,四川石棉625400

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2017年第6期84-88,共5页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：四川省公益性科研院所基本科研项目JB2017-07

摘　　要：通过实地调查的方法,调查了四川盆地西北部磷矿废弃采石场的植被组成和自然演替情况。结果表明:该地自然定居植物共46种,隶属于20科37属,以菊科(12种)、禾本科(9种)最多。废弃地的初期演替状态可以总结为:裸地→草丛→草灌丛→灌丛,在演替早期(<10 a),植被主要物种多为以禾本科和菊科植物为主体的先锋植物群落,演替中期(10 a^20 a)的植物群落构成则较为稳定的草本灌木优势群落,而到了演替后期(20 a^30 a),植物群落则形成了大量的灌丛。随着演替过程的进行,植物的多样性总体呈现逐渐增长的趋势,草本植物多样性相对稳定,而木本植物多样性呈现显著增加的趋势。本研究发现磷矿废弃地自然演替过程和植物多样性变化与其他矿种废弃地的植被演替是类似的,说明不同矿种废弃地的初期植被演替过程是大体一致的。In this study, vegetation types and natural succession of phosphate wasted quarry in northwest of the Sichuan Basin were researched by field investigation. The result showed that there were 46 species living in wasteland, belonging to 20 families and 37 genera, Asteraceae （12 species） and Gramineae（9 species） plants were the most. Natural succession of phosphate wasted quarry could be summarized in four stages： bareland→ grassland →brush and grass land →brushland. In early period of succession （waste time was below 10 years）, Gramineae and Asteraceae plants were main vegetation comnnities in wasteland, which played an important role as pioneers. Stable grass and brush communities were found in the middle period of succession （waste time from 10 to 20 years） and a large number of brushes were formed in the late period of succession（ waste time from 20 to 30 years）. Diversity of vegetation in waste- land was increasing with the process of succession, diversity of grass vegetation was relatively stable during the period of succession and brush vegetation had a significant increment. It was also found that there was a similar trend between natural succession of phosphate wasted quarry and other kinds of wasteland, which proved that early natural succession were homologous in different kinds of wasteland.

关 键 词：废弃采石场 群落特征 自然演替 多样性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]