侵权法上生存机会丧失理论的本土化构建——以医疗损害案件为视角  

Localization of Loss of Chance of Survival Theory in Tort Law in China

作　　者：季若望 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《政治与法律》2018年第1期116-133,共18页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：侵权法中的生存机会丧失案件在我国的司法实务中尚属少见,经剖析案例,可以发现该类案件中存在请求权基础不明、赔偿范围不统一、客观数据量化不足等问题。应当将生存机会丧失的保护纳入生命权和健康权的体系加以保护,机会丧失的救济不适用传统人格权侵害的"全有或全无"模式而应适用"比例式赔偿"模式。在赔偿范围层面,应当区分物质性损害赔偿与非物质性损害赔偿,且原则上将前者列入比例赔偿范围内。在赔偿数额层面,应当力求客观数据的多样化与精确化,同时在计算方法上区分已发生损害和未来风险,分别采纳"比例式计算法"和"多段结果计算法"。There are few cases involving Loss of Chance of Survival Theory of Tort Law in Chinese judicial practice. Through case analysis, we may discover problems such as unclear legal basis for claims, disunity of compensation scope and shortage of quantitation of objective data. The protection of loss of chance of survival should be included into the system of right to life and right to health. In remedying the loss of chance of survival, ＂Proportional Liability＂ shall be adopted rather than ＂All-or-Nothing＂ Approach adopted in the case of injuring traditional personality right. In terms of the compensation scope, the compensation for material damage and the compensation for non-material damage shall be distinguished, and the proportional liability is applied to the former in principle. In terms of the amount of compensation, it is supposed to pursue the diversity and accuracy of the objective data, and distinguish the existed harm and future risk in calculating method and respectively adopt the Proportional Calculation Method and Multi-results Calculation Method.

关 键 词：生存机会丧失 请求权基础 损害赔偿 医疗过失 比例式赔偿 

分 类 号：DF529[政治法律—民商法学]